Integrated PEM fuel cell
View Patent ↗An integrated PEM fuel cell includes bipolar plate assemblies that utilize fiber groups that extend from the surfaces of gas impermeable plates to terminate in uncoated tips facing adjacent tips to form anodes and cathodes of an MEA assembly. The catalyst support and catalyst can be applied to the tips as beads or thin layers and joined with a membrane. The assembly can use a unified seal and include collector plates at the ends of the stacks, using similar fiber construction.
1. An integrated PEM fuel cell, comprising:
at least two bipolar plate assemblies, each including:
a gas impermeable plate and
multiple unidirectional electrically conductive fibers, each fiber having anode fiber ends and cathode fiber ends,
the fibers being grouped in longitudinal bundles extending perpendicular to the plate,
the anode fiber ends on one side of the plate and the cathode fiber ends on the other side of the plate,
each of the fibers being coated in a gas impermeable coating, the coating extending from the plate towards each of the fiber ends, a portion of the fibers adjacent the fiber ends remaining uncoated,
the fiber end portions transitioning to uncoated fiber brushes presenting fiber tips, wherein the uncoated fiber brushes comprise micro channels that increase in diameter from the portion of the fibers adjacent the fiber ends towards the fiber tips;
the anode side of one of the bipolar plate assemblies facing the cathode side of the other bipolar plate assembly;
a membrane electrode assembly, including:
an anode catalyst support located on fiber tips of the anode fiber ends and an anode catalyst located on the anode catalyst support;
a cathode catalyst support located on fiber tips of the cathode fiber ends and a cathode catalyst located on the cathode catalyst support; and
a proton exchange membrane interconnecting the cathode catalyst support and the anode catalyst support.
2. The fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein the anode catalyst support and the cathode catalyst support are each an ion exchange polymer.
3. The fuel cell according to claim 2 , wherein the anode catalyst support and the cathode catalyst support are each in the form of droplets or a coating on the fiber ends.
4. The fuel cell according to claim 3 , wherein the proton exchange membrane is formed as a ion exchange polymer placed on the catalyst support on the fiber ends.
5. The fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the bundles are arranged in a matrix to define a fuel flow field on one side of the plate and an oxidant flow field on the other side of the plate.
6. The fuel cell of claim 1 , further comprising collector plate assemblies, including a conductive plate for electrically connecting to an anode end of one of the bipolar plate assemblies; and a second conductive plate for electrically connecting to a cathode end of another of the bipolar plate assemblies.
7. The fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the plates are constructed of conductive resin.
8. The fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the fiber bundles of each bipolar plate assembly are intersected by and connected to an electrically conductive substrate positioned within the bipolar plate.
9. The fuel cell of claim 8 , wherein the fibers extending through each bipolar plate are separated by the substrate into anode fibers and cathode fibers.
10. The fuel cell of claim 8 , wherein the substrate extends beyond the periphery of the bipolar plate.
11. An integrated PEM fuel cell, comprising:
at least two bipolar plate assemblies, each including:
a gas impermeable plate;
multiple electrically conductive fibers arranged in fiber bundles, including anode fibers extending from the plate on an anode side and cathode fibers extending from the plate on an opposite cathode side, said anode fibers and said cathode fibers being electrically connected,
each of said anode fibers and cathode fibers presenting fiber end portions transitioning to uncoated fiber brushes presenting fiber tips, wherein the uncoated fiber brushes comprise micro channels that increase in diameter from the portion of the fibers adjacent the fiber ends towards the fiber tips;
the anode side of one of the bipolar plate assemblies facing the cathode side of another bipolar plate assembly;
a membrane electrode assembly, including:
an anode catalyst support located on fiber tips of the anode fiber ends and an anode catalyst located on the anode catalyst support;
a cathode catalyst support located on fiber tips of the cathode fiber ends and a cathode catalyst located on the cathode catalyst support; and
a proton exchange membrane interconnecting the cathode catalyst support and the anode catalyst support.
12. The fuel cell of claim 11 , wherein the fibers are formed as fiber blocks including continuous fiber in an adhesive matrix making the block impermeable.
13. The fuel cell of claim 12 , wherein the fiber blocks are arranged to form flow paths for at least one of fuel and oxidant.
14. The fuel cell of claim 11 , wherein the fibers in the fiber blocks are arranged in a woven fabric.
15. The fuel cell of claim 1 , further comprising fibers shaped as hooks extending from each bipolar plate assembly and fibers arranged as loops incorporated in each membrane electrode assembly, said fiber hooks and fiber loops interconnecting.
16. A bipolar plate assembly for a fuel cell, comprising:
a gas impermeable plate and
multiple unidirectional electrically conductive fibers, each fiber having a first anode end and a second cathode end,
the fibers being grouped in longitudinal bundles extending perpendicular to the plate,
the anode ends on one side of the plate and the cathode ends on the other side of the plate,
each of the fibers being coated in a gas impermeable coating, the coating extending from the plate towards each of the fiber ends, a portion of the fibers adjacent the ends remaining uncoated, and
the fiber end portions transitioning to uncoated fiber brushes presenting fiber tips, wherein the uncoated fiber brushes comprise micro channels that increase in diameter from the portion of the fibers adjacent the fiber ends towards the fiber tips.
17. A membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell, said assembly comprising:
multiple anode fiber ends and multiple cathode fiber ends facing each other;
the fiber ends transitioning to fiber brushes presenting fiber tips, wherein the uncoated fiber brushes comprise micro channels that increase in diameter from the portion of the fibers adjacent the fiber ends towards the fiber tips;
an anode catalyst support located on fiber tips of the anode fiber ends and an anode catalyst located on the anode catalyst support;
a cathode catalyst support located on fiber tips of the cathode fiber ends and a cathode catalyst located on the cathode catalyst support; and
a proton exchange membrane interconnecting the cathode catalyst support and the anode catalyst support.