Surface functionalised nanoparticles
Embodiments of the invention relate to a process for the production of surface functionalised nanoparticles, such as semiconductor quantum dot nanoparticles incorporating surface-bound functional groups suitable for enabling the dots to be incorporated into silicone polymers.
1. A method for producing surface functionalised nanoparticles, the method comprising:
growing nanoparticles by reacting one or more nanoparticle precursor compounds in the presence of a nanoparticle surface binding ligand to effect growth of the nanoparticle and binding of the nanoparticle surface binding ligand to the surface of the nanoparticle, wherein
the one or more nanoparticle precursor compounds contain ions to be incorporated into the nanoparticle, and
the nanoparticle surface binding ligand incorporates a nanoparticle binding group and a silicone polymer binding group.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the silicone polymer binding group of the surface binding ligand comprises at least one of a crosslinkable or a polymerizable group.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the silicone binding group of the surface binding ligand comprises at least one unsaturated alkyl group.
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the silicone binding group of the surface-binding ligand comprises two or more vinyl groups.
5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle binding group of the surface binding ligand contains an atom selected from the group consisting of sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorous.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle binding group of the surface binding ligand contains a species selected from the group consisting of thiol, an acid group, an ester group, and salts thereof.
7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle binding group of the surface-binding ligand contains a species selected from the group consisting of hydroxide, hydroxide salt, alkoxide, alkoxide salt, carboxylic acid, carboxylate ester, carboxylate salt, amine, ammonium salt, nitro, polyethyleneglycol, sulfonic acid, sulfonate ester, sulfonate salt phosphoric acid, phosphate ester, and phosphate salt.
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle binding group and the silicone polymer binding group of the surface binding ligand are connected via a linker
9. A method according to claim 8 , wherein said linker is selected from the group consisting of a covalent bond; a carbon, nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom; a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or alicyclic group; and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group.
10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said reaction is carried out in a solvent that is different from said nanoparticle surface binding ligand.
11. A method according to claim 10 , wherein said solvent is a Lewis base compound.
12. A method according to claim 11 , wherein said Lewis base compound is selected from the group consisting of hexadecylamine, tri-n-octylphosphine, tri-n-octylphosphine oxide, and octanol.
13. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said nanoparticles are semiconductor nanoparticles.
14. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said nanoparticles are core, core-shell or core-multishell nanoparticles.
15. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said nanoparticles comprise at least one semiconductor material selected from the group consisting of CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, InP, InAs, InSb, AIP, AIS, AIAs, AISb, GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, PbS, PbSe, Si, Ge, MgS, MgSe, MgTe, and combinations thereof.
16. A surface functionalised nanoparticle comprising a nanoparticle bound to a nanoparticle surface binding ligand, said ligand incorporating a nanoparticle binding group and a silicone polymer binding group, wherein the nanoparticle is substantially free of damage caused by ligand exchange or interchelation.
17. The surface functionalised nanoparticle according to claim 16 , wherein the nanoparticle is produced by:
growing nanoparticles by reacting one or more nanoparticle precursor compounds in the presence of a nanoparticle surface binding ligand to effect growth of the nanoparticle and binding of the nanoparticle surface binding ligand to the surface of the nanoparticle, wherein
the one or more nanoparticle precursor compounds contain ions to be incorporated into the nanoparticle, and
the nanoparticle surface binding ligand incorporates a nanoparticle binding group and a silicone polymer binding group.