Systems and Methods for High-Throughput Turbidity Measurements
A turbidity measurement system includes a sample assembly that contains a plurality of samples, a light source that illuminates the sample assembly, and a light detection system that includes a two-dimensional light-sensitive array. The light-sensitive array is simultaneously exposed to light transmitted through each of the samples in the sample assembly. The exposure is analyzed to determine a mean transmitted light intensity for each sample and to calculate a turbidity value for each sample based on its mean transmitted light intensity. Multiple exposures may be taken during a measurement period so as to obtain time-resolved turbidity measurements of the samples. The temperature of the samples may be varied during the measurement period so as to measure turbidity as a function of temperature.
1 . A system, comprising:
a sample assembly, said sample assembly comprising a plurality of distinct locations for receiving samples and blanks;
a light source;
a light detection system arranged to obtain an exposure of said sample assembly, such that said exposure includes light from said light source transmitted through each of said distinct locations; and
a data analysis system configured to analyze said exposure to determine at least parameter for each sample.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein said light source comprises a diffuse light panel that illuminates all of said distinct locations simultaneously.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein said light detection system comprises a two-dimensional light-sensitive array.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein said at least one parameter includes a turbidity value.
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein said at least one parameter includes a turbidity gradient.
6 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a shaker for shaking said sample assembly in a shaking direction that corresponds to a direction in which light from said light source is transmitted through said sample assembly.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein said light detection system is configured to obtain a plurality of exposures of said sample assembly during a measurement period and said data analysis system is configured to determine said at least one parameter for each sample in each of said exposures.
8 . A system, comprising:
a plurality of samples;
means for changing temperature of said samples;
a light source arranged to transmit light through said samples, wherein light traverses a respective optical path length through each sample;
a digital camera, said digital camera having a field of view that encompasses said samples, said digital camera being operable to obtain a plurality of digital images of said field of view during a measurement period;
a temperature controller for controlling said means for changing temperature of said samples so as to apply a temperature ramp to said samples during said measurement period; and
a data analysis system configured to analyze said digital images to determine at least one temperature-dependent parameter for each of said samples.
9 . The system of claim 8 , wherein said means for changing temperature of said samples comprises a plurality of resistive heaters in thermal contact with said samples via a block of thermally conductive material.
10 . The system of claim 8 , wherein said means for changing temperature of said samples comprises a temperature-controlled chamber housing said samples.
11 . The system of claim 8 , wherein said temperature ramp is a heating ramp.
12 . The system of claim 8 , wherein said temperature ramp is a cooling ramp.
13 . A turbidity measurement method, comprising:
transmitting light through a plurality of samples and a plurality of blanks, wherein light traverses a respective optical path length through each sample and each blank;
obtaining an exposure that includes light transmitted through each of said samples and each of said blanks;
analyzing said exposure to determine transmitted light intensities for said samples and said blanks; and
calculating a turbidity value for each of said samples based on a respective transmitted light intensity and optical path length.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein transmitting light through a plurality of samples and a plurality of blanks comprises:
transmitting light through all of said samples and blanks simultaneously.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein obtaining an exposure that includes light transmitted through each of said samples and each of said blanks comprises:
obtaining a digital image of said samples and blanks, said digital image comprising a plurality of pixels.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein analyzing said exposure to determine transmitted light intensities for said samples and blanks comprises:
identifying for a sample at least one region of interest (ROI) in said plurality of pixels and calculating a mean transmitted light intensity in said at least one ROI.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein analyzing said exposure to determine transmitted light intensities for said samples and blanks comprises:
calculating transmitted light intensities in a plurality of ROIs in said sample to obtain a plurality of location-dependent transmitted light intensities; and
calculating a turbidity gradient in said sample based on said location-dependent transmitted light intensities.
18 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
obtaining a plurality of exposures during a measurement period, wherein each of said exposures includes light transmitted through each of said samples and each of said blanks.
19 . The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
applying a temperature ramp to said samples during said measurement period; and
calculating temperature-dependent turbidity values for each of said samples.
20 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
shaking said samples for a shaking period that is completed before said exposure is obtained.