Illuminated suction apparatus
An illuminated suction apparatus including a hand-held surgical device combining a high-performance illumination waveguide with suction. This device would be useful in a wide array of various surgical procedures including open and minimally invasive orthopedics.
1. An illuminated suction device comprising:
a suction tube having a proximal end and a distal end connected by a central portion, the proximal end adapted to connect to a vacuum source, the suction tube also having an inner surface and an outer surface;
a layer of optical cladding on the outer surface of the central portion of the suction tube;
an illumination waveguide having a cross-sectional area, a proximal end and a distal end, wherein light is transmitted through the waveguide via total internal reflection, the illumination waveguide disposed about the optical cladding on the central portion of the suction tube for conducting light around the suction tube from the proximal end to the distal end of the illumination waveguide, wherein the optical cladding is disposed between the suction tube and the illumination waveguide, and
wherein the cross-sectional area of the illumination waveguide changes from the proximal end to the distal end thereof, and
wherein the illumination waveguide comprises a concave region for receiving the suction tube, and
wherein the optical cladding facilitates total internal reflection at the waveguide-cladding boundary; and
an illumination input formed into the proximal end of the illumination waveguide for conducting light from a source to the illumination waveguide.
2. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
one or more microstructures on the distal end of the illumination waveguide for directing the light to form a preselected illumination pattern.
3. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
one or more light extracting structures near the distal end on the outer surface of the illumination waveguide.
4. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a layer of optical cladding on the outer surface of the illumination waveguide different than the layer of optical cladding on the outer surface of the central portion.
5. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the layer of optical cladding on the outer surface of the illumination waveguide has a refractive index of between 1.29 and 1.5.
6. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 1 wherein the layer of optical cladding on the outer surface of the central section of the suction tube has a refractive index between 1.29 and 1.67.
7. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 1 wherein the illumination waveguide has a refractive index between 1.46 and 1.70 with a numerical aperture between 0.33 and 0.7.
8. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 1 wherein the illumination waveguide is fabricated from cyclo olefin polymer or cyclo olefin copolymer.
9. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 1 wherein light output from the waveguide emanates from a point on the waveguide that is proximal of a distal suction tip of the suction tube.
10. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 1 wherein a proximal portion of the suction tube or a distal portion of the suction tube remains free of the cladding.
11. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a handle coupled with the suction tube, the handle having a suction hole disposed therein, wherein vacuum available at the distal end of the suction tube is controlled by covering all or a portion of the suction hole.
12. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 1 wherein the cladding comprises fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP).
13. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 1 wherein the cladding comprises a heat shrink material.
14. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 1 wherein the illumination waveguide comprises a proximal portion and a distal portion, and wherein the distal portion is angled relative to the proximal portion.
15. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a handle disposed over at least a portion of the illumination waveguide, wherein an air gap is maintained therebetween.
16. The illumination suction apparatus of claim 1 wherein the waveguide completely surrounds at least a portion of the suction tube.
17. The illumination suction apparatus of claim 1 wherein the waveguide comprises a solid cylindrical input transitioning into a hollow tube.
18. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 1 wherein the cladding comprises a coating.
19. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 1 wherein the suction tube is treated with a surface treatment or coating, to reduce glare or reflections between the suction tube and illuminator output.
20. An illuminated suction apparatus comprising:
an illumination waveguide formed of polymeric material having a cross-sectional area, a proximal end, a distal end, a lumen extending at least partially between the proximal and distal ends, and an outer surface, wherein light is transmitted through the waveguide via total internal reflection,
wherein the cross-sectional area of the illumination waveguide changes from the proximal end to the distal end thereof, and
wherein the illumination waveguide comprises a concave region;
a layer of optical cladding within the lumen of the illumination waveguide;
a suction tube disposed in the lumen, the suction tube having a proximal end, a distal end, an inner surface and an outer surface with a central lumen extending from the proximal end to the distal end thereof, and
wherein the concave region receives the suction tube;
one or more light conducting conduits integrated into the proximal end of the illumination waveguide for introducing light into the illumination waveguide; and
one or more light extracting structures near the distal end of the illumination waveguide, the one or more light extracting structures adapted to extract light from the waveguide.
21. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 20 wherein the one or more light conducting conduits comprise:
one or more light controlling structures on the distal end of the illumination waveguide.
22. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 20 wherein the one or more light conducting conduits comprise:
two light conduits with generally rectangular cross sections integrally formed with the illumination waveguide.
23. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 22 wherein the generally rectangular light conduits further comprise:
two generally rectangular light conduits integrally formed with the illumination waveguide, the light conduits being offset from the proximal edge of the illumination waveguide except at the point of engagement and the light conduits engaging the illumination waveguide at an angled reflecting surface.
24. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the illumination waveguide has a refractive index between 1.5 and 1.55.
25. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the optical cladding layer has an index of refraction between 1 and 1.42.
26. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the illumination waveguide is fabricated from cyclo olefin polymer or cyclo olefin copolymer.
27. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 20 wherein the cladding comprises fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP).
28. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 20 wherein the cladding comprises a heat shrink material.
29. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 20 wherein the cladding comprises a coating.
30. The illuminated suction apparatus of claim 20 wherein the suction tube is treated with a surface treatment or coating to reduce glare or reflections between the suction tube and illuminator output.