Signal modulator for visual indicator

1. An apparatus, comprising:

a manipulator operable by a user;

a force sensor that determines a force signal from a force applied by the manipulator on a part of an environment of the user;

a signal modulator; a visual indicator;

wherein the signal modulator is adjustable by the user to select a switch point for the visual indicator based on relative fragility of the part of the environment;

wherein the signal modulator employs the force signal and the switch point to control the visual indicator for the user;

wherein light intensity of the visual indicator is related to a magnitude of the force applied by the manipulator; and wherein the visual indicator comprises at least one LED including a first LED and a second LED, wherein the signal modulator employs the force signal at a first level below the switch point to turn on the first LED, wherein the signal modulator employs the force signal at a second level above the switch point to turn on the second LED.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the manipulator comprises at least one of an active manipulator and a passive manipulator.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the manipulator comprises a prosthetic hand, a prosthetic foot, or a robotic manipulator.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one LED comprises a plurality of colors.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the visual indicator comprises a plurality of colors.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the user has control of gain of the visual indicator to make the visual indicator more or less sensitive to the force applied by the manipulator on the part of the environment.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the visual indicator comprises a plurality of LEDs with light intensity gains adjustable at discretion of the user.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising one or more sensors to measure at least one of velocity and acceleration of at least one independent degree of freedom of the manipulator, wherein the force applied on the part of the environment of the user by the manipulator is performed automatically relative to the measured at least one of velocity and acceleration of the independent degree of freedom of the manipulator.

9. An apparatus, comprising:

a manipulator operable by a user, wherein the manipulator comprises at least one independent degree of freedom;

a force sensor that determines a force signal from a force applied by the manipulator on a part of an environment of the user;

wherein the force sensor is differentiated to indicate rate of change of the force applied by the manipulator on the part of the environment;

one or more sensors to measure at least one of velocity and acceleration of the at least one independent degree of freedom of the manipulator, wherein the force applied on the part of the environment of the user by the manipulator is performed automatically relative to the measured at least one of velocity and acceleration of the independent degree of freedom of the manipulator;

a signal modulator; and

a visual indicator;

wherein the signal modulator is adjustable by the user to select a switch point for the visual indicator based on relative fragility of the part of the environment;

wherein the signal modulator employs the force signal and the switch point to control the visual indicator for the user.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein at least one of a measured force derivative, an absolute value of the measured force derivative, and a measured force is employed in a control algorithm to increase sensitivity of the force applied by the manipulator on the environment.

11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the visual indicator is activated by a sum of a measured force, Fn, and a derivative of Fn or an absolute value of a derivative of Fn, as a control input for an LED or a plurality of LEDs of the a visual indicator.

12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein light intensity of the visual indicator is related to a magnitude of the force applied by the manipulator.

13. An apparatus, comprising:

a manipulator operable by a user; wherein the manipulator comprises at least one independent degree of freedom;

one or more sensors to measure at least one of velocity and acceleration of the at least one independent degree of freedom of the manipulator, wherein a force applied on a part of an environment of the user by the manipulator is performed automatically relative to the measured at least one of velocity and acceleration of the independent degree of freedom of the manipulator;

a force sensor to determine a force signal from the force applied by the manipulator on the part of the environment of the user;

a signal modulator; and

a visual indicator;

wherein the signal modulator is adjustable by the user to select a switch point for the visual indicator based on relative fragility of the part of the environment; and

wherein the signal modulator employs the force signal and the switch point to control the visual indicator for the user.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the visual indicator displays the measured at least one of velocity and acceleration of the at least one independent degree of freedom of the manipulator, wherein the visual indicator is employable by the user when not looking at the manipulator to inform the user of the measured at least one of velocity and acceleration of the at least one independent degree of freedom of the manipulator to adjust the force applied by the manipulator on the part of the environment.

15. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein light intensity of the visual indicator is related to a magnitude of the force applied by the manipulator.

16. An apparatus, comprising:

a manipulator operable by a user, wherein the manipulator comprises at least one independent degree of freedom;

a force sensor that determines a force signal from a force applied by the manipulator on a part of an environment of the user;

a sensor that determines if an object grasped by the manipulator is slipping from a stable grasp of the manipulator operated by the user;

one or more sensors to measure at least one of velocity and acceleration of the at least one independent degree of freedom of the manipulator, wherein the force applied on the part of the environment of the user by the manipulator is performed automatically relative to the measured at least one of velocity and acceleration of the independent degree of freedom of the manipulator;

a signal modulator; and

a visual indicator;

wherein the signal modulator is adjustable by the user to select a switch point for the visual indicator based on relative fragility of the part of the environment;

wherein the signal modulator employs the force signal and the switch point to control the visual indicator for the user.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the visual indicator becomes active when the object grasped by the manipulator slips from the stable grasp.

18. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein light intensity of the visual indicator is related to a magnitude of the force applied by the manipulator.

19. An apparatus, comprising:

a manipulator operable by a user;

a force sensor that determines a force signal from a force applied by the manipulator on a part of an environment of the user, wherein the force sensor responds to vibrations that occur during object slip;

a filter that amplifies measured vibrations by filtering a force signal derivative, wherein the filter comprises a second order transfer function;

a signal modulator; and

a visual indicator,

wherein the signal modulator is adjustable by the user to select a switch point for the visual indicator based on relative fragility of the part of the environment; and

wherein the signal modulator employs the force signal and the switch point to control the visual indicator for the user.

20. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the force applied by the manipulator on the environment is automatically increased relative to the shear force or absolute value of the measured shear force.

21. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the filter comprises at least one of a high-pass and a band-pass filter.

22. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the force applied by the manipulator on the environment is automatically increased and maintained to prevent future occurrences of object slip.

23. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the filter comprises a third order transfer function.

24. The apparatus of claim 19 , further comprising one or more sensors to measure at least one of velocity and acceleration of at least one independent degree of freedom of the manipulator, wherein the force applied on the part of the environment of the user by the manipulator is performed automatically relative to the measured at least one of velocity and acceleration of the independent degree of freedom of the manipulator.

25. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein light intensity of the visual indicator is related to a magnitude of the force applied by the manipulator.