Hybrid copolymers
View Patent ↗Hybrid copolymers for use as anti-sealant and dispersant. The polymers are useful in compositions used in aqueous systems. The polymers include at least one synthetic monomeric constituent that is chain terminated by a naturally occurring hydroxyl containing moiety. A process for preparing these hybrid copolymers is also provided.
1. A method of preparing a hybrid copolymer comprising combining at least one monomer with a solution of a naturally derived hydroxyl containing chain transfer agent and an initiator that is not a metal based redox system at a temperature effective to activate the initiator.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one monomer is present at between 25 and 99.9 percent by weight based on total weight of the copolymer.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the naturally derived hydroxyl containing chain transfer agent is present from 0.1 to 75% of the total weight of the copolymer.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one monomer is at least one hydrophilic acid monomer, at least one hydrophobic acid monomer, or a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the hydrophilic monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, sodium methallyl sulfonate, sulfonated styrene, allyloxybenzene sulfonic acid and their salts.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein the hydrophobic monomer is selected from the group consisting of styrene, α-methyl styrene, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, behenyl methacrylate and octyl acrylamide.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the naturally derived hydroxyl containing chain transfer agent is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, glucoheptonic acid, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of starch, cellulose, pectin, alginate, gellan, gums and modified starch.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the starch is selected from the group consisting of maize, potato, tapioca, wheat, rice, pea, sago, oat, barley, rye and amaranth.
10. The method of claim 7 wherein the starch is selected from the group consisting of waxy starch, high amylose starch, maltodextrins and oxidized starch.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the modified starch modification is selected from the group consisting of propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, octenylsuccinic anhydride acetic anhydride and 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the initiator is sodium persulfate.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one monomer and the initiator are fed over substantially the same period of time.
14. The method of claim 1 further comprising neutralizing the at least one monomer.
15. The method of claim 1 further comprising adding another chain transfer agent.
16. A method of preparing a hybrid copolymer formulation comprising:
adding a hybrid copolymer to at least one adjunct ingredient,
wherein the hybrid copolymer is a synthetic polymer and a naturally derived hydroxyl containing chain transfer agent as the chain terminating moiety.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the formulation is selected from the group consisting of a cleaning, superabsorbent, fiberglass binder, rheology modifier, oil field, water treatment, dispersant and a cement formulation.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the cleaning formulation is a detergent, fabric cleaner, automatic dishwashing detergent, glass cleaner, hard surface cleaner or a laundry detergent.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the automatic dishwashing detergent is a non-phosphate formulation.
20. The method of claim 16 wherein the adjunct ingredient is selected from the group consisting of water, surfactants, builders, phosphates, sodium carbonate, citrates, enzymes, buffers, perfumes, anti-foam agents, ion exchangers, alkalis, anti-redeposition materials, optical brighteners, fragrances, dyes, fillers, chelating agents, fabric whiteners, brighteners, sudsing control agents, solvents, hydrotropes, bleaching agents, bleach precursors, buffering agents, soil removal agents, soil release agents, fabric softening agent, opacifiers, water treatment chemicals, corrosion inhibitors, orthophosphates, zinc compounds, tolyltriazole, minerals, clays, salts, metallic ores, metallic oxides, talc, pigments, titanium dioxide, mica, silica, silicates, carbon black, iron oxide, kaolin clay, modified kaolin clays, calcium carbonate, synthetic calcium carbonates, fiberglass, cement and aluminum oxide.
21. The method of claim 16 wherein the copolymer is present at 0.001 percent to 25 percent of the total formulation weight.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein the copolymer is present between 0.5 percent and 5 percent of the total weight of the formulation.
23. The method of claim 8 wherein the starch is oxidized starch.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein the oxidized starch is a degraded oxidized starch having carboxylate groups.
25. The method of claim 7 wherein the chain transfer agent has a molecular weight of less than 20,000.