Transparent conductor structure
A transparent conductor structure includes a transparent, insulating substrate and a discontinuous, transparent conducting layer established on the substrate. The discontinuous conducting layer is partitioned into a plurality of segments, each of which has a thickness ranging from about 1 nm to about 10 μm. Two or more of the segments are connected together by i) a metal trace disposed on or between them, or ii) a mesh, formed from a plurality of metal traces, disposed across a surface of the segments.
1. A transparent conductor structure, comprising:
a transparent, insulating substrate; and
a discontinuous, transparent conducting charge-dissipating layer established on the substrate, the discontinuous conducting layer partitioned into a plurality of discrete segments having gaps between adjacent discrete segments, at least two of the plurality of discrete segments being a transparent electrode, each of the plurality of segments having a thickness ranging from about 1 nm to about 10 μm, the plurality of segments having two or more segments operatively connected together by i) a metal trace operatively disposed on or between the two or more segments, or ii) a mesh, formed from a plurality of the metal traces, operatively disposed across a surface of the plurality of segments;
wherein the transparent conducting charge-dissipating layer and the metal trace or the mesh of metal traces is to enable electric charge to be substantially uniformly distributed across the surface of the transparent conductor structure;
and wherein the transparent conductor structure is incorporated into a display element and has a clear aperture ratio ranging from 50% to 99%, the clear aperture ratio being the ratio of a transparent region area to a total area of the display element including transparent and opaque regions.
2. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 1 wherein the conducting layer is selected from an inorganic transparent conductor, an organic transparent conductor, a subwavelength structured metal layer, a thin transparent metal layer, a network of nanostructures, and combinations thereof.
3. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 2 wherein: the thickness of each of the plurality of segments of the conducting layer ranges from about 5 nm to about 1000 nm when the conducting layer is formed from the inorganic transparent conductor; the thickness of each of the plurality of segments of the conducting layer ranges from about 10 nm to about 3 μm when the conducting layer is formed from the organic transparent conductor; the thickness of each of the plurality of segments of the conducting layer ranges from 1 nm to about 100 nm when the conducting layer is formed from the subwavelength structured metal layer; the thickness of each of the plurality of segments of the conducting layer ranges from about 1 nm to about 50 nm when the conducting layer is formed of the thin transparent metal layer; or the thickness of each of the plurality of segments of the conducting layer ranges from 3 nm to about 300 nm when the conducting layer is formed from a network of nanostructures.
4. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 1 wherein the metal trace or the mesh of metal traces is formed from a material selected from an electrically conductive metal, alloys thereof, and combinations thereof.
5. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 1 wherein the display element has at least one wall, and wherein the metal trace or the mesh of metal traces is defined below the at least one wall in a manner sufficient to substantially prevent reduction, due to the metal trace or the mesh of metal traces, of the clear aperture ratio.
6. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 1 wherein each of the plurality of segments includes a geometry that is to facilitate the enabling of the substantially uniformly distributed electric charge.
7. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 1 wherein the two or more segments are operatively connected together by the metal trace disposed on or between the two or more segments, and wherein the structure further comprises at least one other metal trace operatively disposed on or between the two or more segments.
8. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 1 , further comprising a dielectric material disposed on at least a portion of the metal trace or the mesh of metal traces.
9. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 8 wherein the dielectric material is: i) disposed above one of a white reflector or a black absorber, the metal trace or mesh being disposed between the dielectric material and the one of the white reflector or the black absorber; ii) disposed below one of the white reflector or the black absorber; or iii) formed from one of the white reflector or the black absorber.
10. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 1 , further comprising a dielectric material formed from one of a white reflector or a black absorber disposed in inactive regions.
11. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 1 wherein the metal trace or the mesh of metal traces has a predefined surface selected from structured surfaces, textured surfaces, porous surfaces, and combinations thereof, the predefined surface configured to be a white reflector or a black absorber.
12. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 1 wherein the transparent conductor structure is flexible.
13. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 5 wherein the clear aperture ratio ranges from 90% to 99%.
14. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 1 wherein the display element is driven via one of passive matrix addressing, active matrix addressing, or direct addressing.
15. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 1 wherein the display element is driven via passive matrix addressing.
16. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 1 wherein the at least two of the plurality of discrete segments is arranged in any of rows or columns, each of the rows or columns respectively being a transparent row electrode or a transparent column electrode.
17. A transparent conductor structure, comprising:
a transparent, insulating substrate;
a discontinuous, transparent conducting charge-dissipating layer established on the substrate, the discontinuous conducting layer partitioned into a plurality of discrete segments having gaps between adjacent discrete segments, at least two of the plurality of discrete segments being a transparent electrode, each of the plurality of segments having a thickness ranging from about 1 nm to about 10 μm, the plurality of segments having two or more segments operatively connected together by i) a metal trace operatively disposed between the two or more segments, or ii) a mesh, formed from a plurality of the metal traces, operatively disposed across a surface of the plurality of segments, wherein the transparent conducting charge-dissipating layer and the metal trace or the mesh of metal traces is to enable electric charge to be substantially uniformly distributed across the surface of the transparent conductor structure; and
a dielectric material formed from one of a white reflector or a black absorber disposed in inactive regions;
wherein the transparent conductor structure is incorporated into a display element having at least one wall, and wherein the metal trace or the mesh of metal traces is defined below the at least one wall in a manner sufficient to substantially prevent reduction, due to the metal trace or the mesh of metal traces, of a clear aperture ratio.
18. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 17 wherein the clear aperture ratio is the ratio of a transparent region area to a total area of the display element including transparent and opaque regions, and wherein the clear aperture ratio ranges from 90% to 99%.
19. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 17 wherein the display element is driven via one of passive matrix addressing, active matrix addressing, or direct addressing.
20. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 17 wherein the display element is driven via passive matrix addressing.
21. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 17 wherein the at least two of the plurality of discrete segments is arranged in any of rows or columns, each of the rows or columns respectively being a transparent row electrode or a transparent column electrode.
22. The transparent conductor structure as defined in claim 17 wherein the display element includes a viewing area, and wherein the viewing area includes an electrically activatable medium disposed therein.