Solid oxide cell and solid oxide cell stack

1. A solid oxide cell obtainable by a process comprising the steps of:

depositing a fuel electrode layer on a fuel electrode support layer;

depositing an electrolyte layer comprising stabilized zirconia on the fuel electrode layer to provide an assembly of fuel electrode support, fuel electrode and electrolyte;

optionally sintering the assembly of fuel electrode support, fuel electrode and electrolyte together to provide a pre-sintered half cell;

depositing on the electrolyte layer of the pre-sintered half cell one or more oxygen electrode layers, at least one of the one or more oxygen electrode layers comprising a composite of lanthanum-strontium-manganite and stabilized zirconia to provide a complete solid oxide cell;

sintering the one or more oxygen electrode layers together with the pre-sintered half cell to provide a sintered complete solid oxide cell; and

impregnating the one or more oxygen electrode layers of the sintered complete solid oxide cell with manganese to obtain a manganese impregnated solid oxide cell, wherein at least one of the one or more oxygen electrode layers comprises a composite of lanthanum-strontium-manganite and stabilized zirconia and the atomic ratio of manganese to lanthanum and strontium in the lanthanum-strontium-manganite is greater than 1.

2. A solid oxide cell according to claim 1 , wherein zirconia is stabilized with yttria, scandia, magnesia or calcium oxide.

3. A solid oxide cell according to claim 2 , wherein zirconia is stabilized with yttria.

4. A solid oxide cell according to claim 1 , wherein impregnation with manganese of the one or more oxygen electrode layers is repeatedly carried out until at least one of the one or more oxygen electrode layers is impregnated with a predetermined amount of manganese.

5. A solid oxide cell according to claim 4 , wherein impregnation of the one or more oxygen electrode layers with manganese is repeatedly carried out until the oxygen electrode layer comprising a composite of lanthanum-strontium-manganite and stabilized zirconia is impregnated with a predetermined amount of manganese.

6. A solid oxide cell according to claim 4 , wherein manganese is impregnated on the surface of at least one of the one or more oxygen electrode layers in concentrations of 0.5 to 5 mg/cm 2 .

7. A solid oxide cell according to claim 1 , wherein manganese is impregnated using an aqueous solution of manganese (II) salt.

8. A solid oxide cell according to claim 7 , wherein the salt is a nitrate, sulphate or chloride.

9. A solid oxide cell according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more oxygen electrode layers are deposited on the electrolyte layer by screen printing, spraying, tape casting or spray pyrolysis.

10. A solid oxide cell according to claim 1 , wherein the solid oxide cell is a solid oxide fuel cell or a solid oxide electrolysis cell.

11. Solid oxide cell stack comprising one or more solid oxide cells of claim 1 .

12. Solid oxide cell stack of claim 11 , wherein the solid oxide cell is a solid oxide fuel cell or a solid oxide electrolysis cell.