Systems and methods for integrated ammonia-urea process
Methods for producing urea are provided. A method for producing urea can include exchanging heat from a syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide to a urea solution comprising urea and ammonium carbamate. The heat transferred can be sufficient to decompose at least a portion of the ammonium carbamate. In one or more embodiments, the syngas can be reacted with liquid ammonia to provide a carbon dioxide lean syngas and an ammonium carbamate solution. The ammonium carbamate solution can be heated to a temperature of about 180 C. or more. At least a portion of the ammonium carbamate in the heated ammonium carbamate solution can be dehydrated to provide the urea solution.
1. A method for decomposing ammonium carbamate, comprising:
exchanging heat from a syngas comprising carbon dioxide to a urea solution comprising urea and ammonium carbamate to produce a cooled syngas and a first urea product, wherein the heat transferred decomposes at least a portion of the ammonium carbamate.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising dehydrating ammonium carbamate to produce the urea solution.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ammonium carbamate is dehydrated in the presence of ammonia.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reacting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide in the cooled syngas with ammonia to produce ammonium carbamate and a syngas having less carbon dioxide than the cooled syngas.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising reacting at least a portion of the syngas having less carbon dioxide than the cooled syngas in the presence of one or more catalysts comprising a noble metal to produce an ammonia product.
6. The method of claim 4 . wherein at least a portion of the ammonia is in the liquid phase.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising separating at least a portion of the decomposed ammonium carbamate from the first urea product to produce a second urea product.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
indirectly exchanging heat from the cooled syngas to a heat transfer medium to produce a second cooled syngas; and
reacting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide in the second cooled syngas with ammonia to produce the ammonium carbamate and a syngas having less carbon dioxide than the cooled syngas.
9. A method for decomposing ammonium carbamate, comprising:
decomposing at least a portion of ammonium carbamate in a first solution comprising urea and ammonium carbamate by transferring heat from a syngas comprising carbon dioxide to the first solution to produce a first urea product and a cooled syngas;
reacting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide in the cooled syngas with ammonia to produce a syngas having less carbon dioxide than the cooled syngas and a second solution comprising ammonium carbamate and ammonia; and
dehydrating at least a portion of the ammonium carbamate in the second solution to produce the first solution.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein a portion of the ammonia reacted with the carbon dioxide in the cooled syngas includes a portion of the ammonia in the second solution.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the ammonium carbamate in the second solution is dehydrated in the presence of ammonia.
12. The method of claim 9 , further comprising separating at least a portion of the decomposed ammonium carbamate from the first urea product to produce a second urea product and an ammonium carbamate effluent.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
decomposing at least a portion of any remaining ammonium carbamate in the second urea product; and
separating at least a portion of the decomposed ammonium carbamate from the second urea product to produce a third urea product.
14. The method of claim 9 , further comprising contacting the syngas having less carbon dioxide than the cooled syngas with water to produce an ammonia-lean syngas.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising reacting at least a portion of the ammonia-lean syngas in the presence of one or more catalysts to produce an ammonia product.
16. A method for decomposing ammonium carbamate, comprising:
reforming a hydrocarbon to produce a syngas comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen; and
decomposing at least a portion of ammonium carbamate in a first solution comprising urea and ammonium carbamate by transferring a sufficient amount of heat from the syngas to the first solution to produce a cooled syngas and a first urea product.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising reacting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide in the cooled syngas with ammonia to produce a syngas having less carbon dioxide than the cooled syngas and a second solution comprising ammonium carbamate and ammonia.
18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising dehydrating at least a portion of the ammonium carbamate in the second solution to produce the first solution.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein reforming the hydrocarbon comprises:
reforming a first portion of the hydrocarbon in the presence of steam and an oxidant in a first catalyst zone to produce a first effluent;
reforming a second portion of the hydrocarbon in the presence of steam in a second catalyst zone to produce a second effluent;
combining the first effluent and the second effluent to produce a mixed effluent;
indirectly transferring heat from the mixed effluent to the second catalyst zone; and
shift converting the mixed effluent to produce the syngas.
20. The method of claim 16 , further comprising reacting at least a portion of the syngas having less carbon dioxide than the cooled syngas in the presence of one or more catalysts comprising a noble metal to produce an ammonia product.