Turning mirror for photonic integrated circuits

1. An optical device, comprising:

a substrate having a surface;

an optical waveguide located near, and parallel to, said substrate surface and having an end located and oriented to emit or receive light propagating substantially parallel to said substrate surface; and

a crystalline turning mirror bound at a mounting interface of said substrate surface, said crystalline turning mirror having a bottom surface along the substrate surface and having a reflecting surface that is slanted relative to substrate said surface, and wherein said light is directed from a light-source located above said substrate surface towards said reflecting surface, or, said light is reflected off said reflecting surface in a direction that is non-parallel to and above said substrate surface.

2. The device of claim 1 , wherein said substrate, said waveguide and said crystalline turning mirror are components of a photonic integrated circuit.

3. The device of claim 2 , wherein said photonic integrated circuit includes an array of said waveguides and said crystalline turning mirrors on said substrate surface.

4. The device of claim 1 , wherein said continuous planar reflecting surface is covered by a metal layer.

5. The device of claim 1 , wherein said crystalline turning mirror and said substrate are composed of a same material.

6. The device of claim 5 , wherein said same material includes silicon.

7. The device of claim 1 , wherein said crystalline turning mirror and said substrate are formed of different crystalline alloys.

8. The device of claim 1 , wherein said continuous planar reflecting surface is separated from said end of said optical waveguide by a distance of about 20 micrometers or less.

9. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of said crystalline turning mirror is part of a cavity of an optical resonator located on said substrate surface.

10. The device of claim 1 , wherein said crystalline turning mirror and said substrate are composed of different materials.

11. A method of using an optical device, comprising:

transmitting light to an optical waveguide located near, and parallel to, a surface of a substrate such that said light propagates substantially parallel to said substrate surface;

emitting said transmitted light from an end of said waveguide, said end located and oriented to emit or receive said light;

reflecting said emitted light off of a continuous reflecting surface of a crystalline turning mirror bound along a bottom surface thereof to said substrate surface, said continuous reflecting surface being slanted relative to said substrate surface and oriented to direct said light into or out of said end of said waveguide, and

directing said light from a light-source located above said substrate surface towards said continuous reflecting surface.

12. A method of using an optical device, comprising:

transmitting light to an optical waveguide located near, and parallel to, a surface of a substrate such that said light propagates substantially parallel to said substrate surface;

emitting said transmitted light from an end of said waveguide, said end located and oriented to emit or receive said light; and

reflecting said emitted light off of a continuous reflecting surface of a crystalline turning mirror bound along a bottom surface thereof to said substrate surface, said continuous reflecting surface being slanted relative to said substrate surface and oriented to direct said light into or out of said end of said waveguide, wherein said light emitted from said end of said waveguide is reflected off said continuous reflecting surface in a direction that is non-parallel to and above said substrate surface.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein said light reflected off of said continuous reflecting surface is in a direction that is parallel to said substrate surface and into said end of said waveguide.