Engineered powder compact composite material

1. An engineered dispersed particle-cellular nanomatrix composite material comprising a substantially-continuous, cellular nanomatrix of a nanomatrix material, a plurality of dispersed particles comprising a particle core material dispersed within the nanomatrix and a solid-state bond layer extending throughout the cellular nanomatrix between the dispersed particles, the dispersed particle-cellular nanomatrix composite material comprising deformed powder particles formed by compacting powder particles comprising a particle core and at least one coating layer, the coating layers joined by solid-state bonding to form the substantially-continuous, cellular nanomatrix and leave the particle cores as the dispersed particles, the dispersed particle-cellular nanomatrix composite material configured for contact with a fluid and configured to provide a selectable and controllable transition from one of a first strength condition to a second strength condition that is lower than a functional strength threshold, or a first weight loss amount to a second weight loss amount that is greater than a weight loss limit, as a function of a time in contact with the fluid.

2. The engineered material of claim 1 , wherein the particle core material comprises Mg, Al, Zn or Mn, or a combination thereof, having a melting temperature (T P ); and a nanomatrix material having a melting temperature (T C ), wherein the solid-state bond layer is formed at a predetermined sintering temperature (T S ), and T S is less than T P and T C .

3. The engineered material of claim 2 , wherein the cellular nanomatrix between adjacent ones of the plurality of dispersed particles comprises a single metallic coating layer of one particle, a bond layer and a single metallic coating layer of another one.

4. The engineered material of claim 2 , the cellular nanomatrix between adjacent ones of the plurality of dispersed particles comprises a multilayered metallic coating layer of one particle, a bond layer and a multilayered metallic coating layer of another one.

5. The engineered material of claim 1 , wherein the time in contact with the fluid at which the selectable and controllable transition occurs is a critical service time.

6. The engineered material of claim 5 , wherein the critical service time comprises a time required to dissolve a portion of the nanomatrix in contact with the fluid.

7. The engineered material of claim 5 , wherein the critical service time comprises a predetermined time corresponding to a change in a property of the engineered material or the fluid, or a combination thereof.

8. The engineered material of claim 7 , wherein there is a change in the property of the engineered material, and wherein the change is a change of a temperature of the engineered material.

9. The engineered material of claim 7 , wherein there is a change in the property of the fluid, and the change comprises a change in a fluid temperature, pressure, flow rate, chemical composition or pH, or a combination thereof.

10. The engineered material of claim 7 , wherein the changed condition is a change in chemical composition comprising a change in a chloride ion concentration.

11. The engineered material of claim 1 , wherein the dispersed particles comprise a metal having a standard oxidation potential greater than or equal to Zn.

12. The engineered material of claim 11 , wherein the dispersed particles comprise Mg, Al, Zn or Mn, or a combination thereof.

13. The engineered material of claim 12 , wherein the cellular nanomatrix comprises Al, Zn, Mn, Mg, Mo, W, Cu, Fe, Si, Ca, Co, Ta, Re or Ni, or an oxide, carbide or nitride thereof, or a combination of any of the aforementioned materials, and wherein the nanomatrix has a chemical composition and the dispersed particles have a chemical composition that is different than the chemical composition of the nanomatrix.

14. The engineered material of claim 1 , wherein the dispersed particles comprise a metal having a standard oxidation potential less than Zn, ceramic, glass, or carbon, or a combination thereof.

15. The engineered material of claim 14 , wherein the cellular nanomatrix comprises Al, Zn, Mn, Mg, Mo, W, Cu, Fe, Si, Ca, Co, Ta, Re or Ni, or an oxide, carbide or nitride thereof, or a combination of any of the aforementioned materials, and wherein the nanomatrix has a chemical composition and the dispersed particles have a chemical composition that is different than the chemical composition of the nanomatrix.

16. The engineered material of claim 1 , wherein the cellular nanomatrix has an average thickness of about 50 nm to about 5000 μm.

17. The engineered material of claim 1 , wherein the dispersed particles comprise Mg and the dispersed particle-cellular nanomatrix composite material has a room temperature compressive strength of at least about 37 ksi.

18. The engineered material of claim 1 , wherein the dispersed particles comprise Mg and the dispersed particle-cellular nanomatrix composite material has a room temperature shear strength of at least about 20 ksi.

19. The engineered material of claim 1 , wherein the dispersed particle-cellular nanomatrix composite material comprises a powder compact having a predetermined theoretical density and an actual density that is substantially equal to the predetermined theoretical density.

20. The engineered material of claim 1 , wherein the dispersed particles comprise Mg and the dispersed particle-cellular nanomatrix composite material has a density of about 1.738 g/cm 3 to about 2.50 g/cm 3 .

21. The engineered material of claim 1 , wherein the particle core material comprises Mg and the powder compact is selectably dissolvable at a rate of about 0 to about 7000 mg/cm 2 /hr of the powder compact.

22. The engineered material of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is a wellbore fluid.

23. The engineered material of claim 22 , wherein the wellbore fluid comprises KCl, HCl, CaBr 2 , CaBr 2 or ZnBr 2 , or a combination thereof.