Switch structure and associated circuit
View Patent ↗An apparatus, such as a switch module, is provided. The apparatus can include an electromechanical switch structure configured to move between an open configuration and a fully-closed configuration (associated with a minimum characteristic resistance) over a characteristic time. A commutation circuit can be connected in parallel with the electromechanical switch structure, and can include a balanced diode bridge configured to suppress arc formation between contacts of the electromechanical switch structure and a pulse circuit including a pulse capacitor configured to form a pulse signal (in connection with a switching event of the electromechanical switch structure) for causing flow of a pulse current through the balanced diode bridge. The electromechanical switch structure and the balanced diode bridge can be disposed such that a total inductance associated with the commutation circuit is less than or equal to a product of the characteristic time and the minimum characteristic resistance.
1. An apparatus comprising:
an electromechanical switch structure configured to move between an open configuration and a fully-closed configuration over a characteristic time, said electromechanical switch structure having a minimum characteristic resistance when in the fully-closed configuration; and
a commutation circuit connected in parallel with said electromechanical switch structure and including
a balanced diode bridge configured to suppress arc formation between contacts of said electromechanical switch structure; and
a pulse circuit including a pulse capacitor configured to form a pulse signal for causing flow of a pulse current through said balanced diode bridge, the pulse signal being generated in connection with a switching event of said electromechanical switch structure,
wherein said electromechanical switch structure and said balanced diode bridge are disposed such that a total inductance associated with said commutation circuit is less than or equal to a product of the characteristic time and the minimum characteristic resistance.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a second electromechanical switch structure configured to move between an open configuration and a fully-closed configuration over a second characteristic time, said second electromechanical switch structure having a second minimum characteristic resistance when in the fully closed configuration, wherein said electromechanical switch structure is a first electromechanical switch structure that is configured to move between an open configuration and a fully-closed configuration over a first characteristic time and to have a first minimum characteristic resistance when in the fully closed configuration, and wherein said first and second electromechanical switch structures are configured to connect in parallel to a load circuit, and wherein said commutation circuit is connected in parallel with each of said first and second electromechanical switch structures, and wherein said balanced diode bridge is a first balanced diode bridge configured to suppress arc formation between contacts of said first electromechanical switch structure, and wherein said commutation circuit further includes a second balanced diode bridge configured to suppress arc formation between contacts of said second electromechanical switch structure, and wherein said pulse circuit includes a pulse capacitor configured to form a pulse signal for causing flow of a pulse current through each of said first and second balanced diode bridges, the pulse signal being generated in connection with a switching event of said first and second electromechanical switch structures, and wherein said first and second electromechanical switch structures and said first and second balanced diode bridges are disposed such that a total inductance associated with said pulse circuit and said first balanced diode bridge is less than or equal to a product of the first characteristic time and the first minimum characteristic resistance and a total inductance associated with said pulse circuit and said second balanced diode bridge is less than or equal to a product of the second characteristic time and the second minimum characteristic resistance.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said electromechanical switch structure includes a microelectromechanical switch.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said electromechanical switch structure includes one or more contacts and one or more moveable elements, each of said one or more moveable elements being in maximum contact with at least one of said one or more contacts when said electromechanical switch structure is disposed in the fully-closed configuration and each of said one or more moveable elements being separated from said one or more contacts when said electromechanical switch structure is disposed in the open configuration.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said electromechanical switch structure includes a moveable element, a contact, and an electrode configured to selectively receive a charge so as to establish a potential difference with said moveable element and thereby urge said moveable element over the characteristic time between a maximum contacting position, in which said moveable element makes maximum contact with said contact, and a non-contacting position, in which said moveable element is separated from said contact.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said electromechanical switch structure is configured to move between an open configuration and a fully-closed configuration over a characteristic time that is less than or equal to about 15 microseconds.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said electromechanical switch structure includes an array of electromechanical switches having a minimum characteristic effective array resistance when in the fully-closed configuration.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein said array of electromechanical switches includes at least two electromechanical switches connected in parallel.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein said array of electromechanical switches includes at least two electromechanical switches connected in series.
10. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein said array of electromechanical switches includes at least two electromechanical switches connected in parallel and at least two electromechanical switches connected in series.
11. An apparatus comprising:
a first electromechanical switch structure configured to move between a fully-open configuration and a fully-closed configuration over a first characteristic time, said first electromechanical switch structure having a first minimum characteristic resistance when in the fully closed configuration;
a second electromechanical switch structure configured to move between a fully-open configuration and a fully-closed configuration over a second characteristic time, said second electromechanical switch structure having a second minimum characteristic resistance when in the fully closed configuration, said second electromechanical switch structure being configured to connect to a load circuit in parallel or in series with said first electromechanical structure; and
a first commutation circuit connected in parallel with said first electromechanical switch structure and including
a first balanced diode bridge configured to suppress arc formation between contacts of said first electromechanical switch structure; and
a first pulse circuit including a pulse capacitor configured to form a pulse signal for causing flow of a pulse current through said first balanced diode bridge, the pulse signal being generated in connection with a switching event of said first electromechanical switch structure; and
a second commutation circuit connected in parallel with said second electromechanical switch structure and including
a second balanced diode bridge configured to suppress arc formation between contacts of said second electromechanical switch structure; and
a second pulse circuit including a pulse capacitor configured to form a pulse signal for causing flow of a pulse current through said second balanced diode bridge, the pulse signal being generated in connection with a switching event of said second electromechanical switch structure,
wherein said first electromechanical switch structure and said first balanced diode bridge are disposed such that a total inductance associated with said first commutation circuit is less than or equal to a product of the first characteristic time and the first minimum characteristic resistance, and
wherein said second electromechanical switch structure and said second balanced diode bridge are disposed such that a total inductance associated with said second commutation circuit is less than or equal to a product of the second characteristic time and the second minimum characteristic resistance.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein said first and second electromechanical switch structures each includes a microelectromechanical switch.
13. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein said first electromechanical switch structure includes one or more contacts and one or more moveable elements, each of said one or more moveable elements being in maximum contact with at least one of said one or more contacts when said first electromechanical switch structure is disposed in the fully-closed configuration and each of said one or more moveable elements being separated from said one or more contacts when said first electromechanical switch structure is disposed in the open configuration.
14. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein said first and second electromechanical switch structures each includes a moveable element, a contact, and an electrode configured to selectively receive a charge so as to establish a potential difference with said moveable element and thereby urge said moveable element over the characteristic time between a maximum contacting position, in which said moveable element makes maximum contact with said contact, and a non-contacting position, in which said moveable element is separated from said contact.
15. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein said first and second electromechanical switch structures each is configured to move between an open configuration and a fully-closed configuration over a characteristic time that is less than or equal to about 15 microseconds.
16. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein said first and second electromechanical switch structures each includes an array of electromechanical switches having a minimum characteristic effective array resistance when in the fully-closed configuration.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein said array of electromechanical switches includes at least two electromechanical switches connected in parallel.
18. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein said array of electromechanical switches includes at least two electromechanical switches connected in series.
19. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein said array of electromechanical switches includes at least two electromechanical switches connected in parallel and at least two electromechanical switches connected in series.
20. A method comprising:
providing an apparatus including
an electromechanical switch structure configured to move between an open configuration and a fully-closed configuration, the electromechanical switch structure having a minimum characteristic resistance when in the fully-closed configuration, and
a commutation circuit connected in parallel with the electromechanical switch structure and including
a balanced diode bridge configured to suppress arc formation between contacts of said electromechanical switch structure, and
a pulse circuit including a pulse capacitor configured to form a pulse signal for causing flow of a pulse current through said balanced diode bridge, the pulse signal being generated in connection with a switching event of said electromechanical switch structure;
applying an electrostatic force to move the electromechanical switch structure into the fully-closed configuration; and
varying the electrostatic force so as to move the electromechanical switch structure over a characteristic time from the fully-closed configuration to the open configuration, wherein the characteristic time is greater than a total inductance associated with said commutation circuit divided by the minimum characteristic resistance.