Hyper-branched polymer, electrode for fuel cell including the hyper-branched polymer, electrolyte membrane for fuel cell including the hyper-branched polymer, and fuel cell including at least one of the electrode and the electrolyte membrane
A hyper-branched polymer having a degree of branching in the range of about 0.05 to about 1 includes a dendritic unit, a linear unit, and a terminal unit, wherein the hyper-branched polymer, an electrode for a fuel cell including the hyper-branched polymer, an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell including the hyper-branched polymer, and a fuel cell including at least one of the electrode and the electrolyte membrane. Such a hyper-branched polymer included in a fuel cell provides excellent thermal resistance and phosphoric acid resistance and increase the performance of the fuel cell.
1. An electrode for a fuel cell, the electrode comprising a hyper-branched polymer having a degree of branching in the range of about 0.05 to about 1 comprising:
a dendritic unit represented by Formula 1;
a linear unit represented by Formula 2; and
a terminal unit represented by Formula 3,
wherein
wherein x is 0 or 1, and each R is independently fluorine, a C 1 -C 20 fluorinated alkyl group, a C 6 -C 20 fluorinated aryl group, a C 2 -C 20 fluorinated heteroaryl group, a C 6 -C 20 fluorinated cycloalkyl group, or a C 2 -C 20 fluorinated heterocyclic group.
2. An electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell, the electrolyte membrane comprising a hyper-branched polymer having a degree of branching in the range of about 0.05 to about 1 comprising:
a dendritic unit represented by Formula 1;
a linear unit represented by Formula 2; and
a terminal unit represented by Formula 3,
wherein
wherein x is 0 or 1, and each R is independently fluorine, a C 1 -C 20 fluorinated alkyl group, a C 6 -C 20 fluorinated aryl group, a C 2 -C 20 fluorinated heteroaryl group, a C 6 -C 20 fluorinated cycloalkyl group, or a C 2 -C 20 fluorinated heterocyclic group.
3. A fuel cell comprising:
a cathode;
an anode; and
an electrolyte membrane disposed between the cathode and the anode,
wherein at least one of the cathode, the anode, and the electrolyte membrane comprises a hyper-branched polymer having a degree of branching in the range of about 0.05 to about 1 comprising:
a dendritic unit represented by Formula 1;
a linear unit represented by Formula 2; and
a terminal unit represented by Formula 3,
wherein
wherein x is 0 or 1, and each R is independently fluorine, a C 1 -C 20 fluorinated alkyl group, a C 6 -C 20 fluorinated aryl group, a C 2 -C 20 fluorinated heteroaryl group, a C 6 -C 20 fluorinated cycloalkyl group, or a C 2 -C 20 fluorinated heterocyclic group.
4. The fuel cell of claim 3 , wherein at least one of the cathode and the anode comprises a catalyst layer comprising a catalyst and about 0.001 to about 0.65 parts by weight of the hyper-branched polymer with respect to 1 part by weight of the catalyst.
5. The fuel cell of claim 4 , wherein the catalyst comprises platinum (Pt); or
an alloy or mixture of platinum (Pt) and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of gold (Au), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru), tin (Sn), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), and chromium (Cr).
6. The fuel cell of claim 4 , wherein the catalyst comprises a catalytic metal, or a supported catalyst including a carbonaceous support and a catalytic metal supported on the carbonaceous support.
7. The fuel cell of claim 4 , further comprising at least one binder selected from the group consisting of poly(vinylidenefluoride), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoroethylene copolymer, a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), a styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polyurethane, and combinations thereof.
8. The fuel cell of claim 7 , wherein the binder comprises polyurethane.
9. The fuel cell of claim 3 , wherein the at least one of the cathode, the anode, and the electrolyte membrane comprising the hyper-branched polymer further comprises at least one proton conductor selected from a phosphoric acid and a C 1 -C 20 organic phosphonic acid.
10. The electrode for a fuel cell of claim 1 , comprising a core unit that links with the dendritic unit, the linear unit, and the terminal unit, the core unit being represented by Formula 4 below:
wherein Y is —SO 2 —, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —C(CF 3 ) 2 —, —N═N—, or —O—, m is a number in the range of about 0 to about 3, and n is a number in the range of about 0 to about 1.
11. The electrode for a fuel cell of claim 10 , wherein the core unit of Formula 4 comprises a unit represented by the following formula:
12. The electrode for a fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein each R is independently fluorine, a trifluoromethyl group, a 3,5-difluorophenyl group, or one group selected from the groups represented by the following formulae:
13. The electrode for a fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the degree of branching is in the range of about 0.63 to about 0.9.
14. The electrode for a fuel cell of claim 1 , comprising a compound represented by Formula 5 below:
wherein R is fluorine, a trifluoromethyl group, a 3,5-difluorophenyl group, or one group selected from the groups represented by the following formulae:
15. The electrode for a fuel cell of claim 1 , comprising a compound represented by Formula 6 below:
16. The electrode for a fuel cell of claim 1 , comprising a compound represented by Formula 7 below:
wherein R′ is a pentafluorophenyl group.
17. The electrode for a fuel cell of claim 2 , comprising a core unit that links with the dendritic unit, the linear unit, and the terminal unit, the core unit being represented by Formula 4 below:
wherein Y is —SO 2 —, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —C(CF 3 ) 2 —, —N═N—, or —O—, m is a number in the range of about 0 to about 3, and n is a number in the range of about 0 to about 1.
18. The electrode for a fuel cell of claim 17 , wherein the core unit of Formula 4 comprises a unit represented by the following formula:
19. The electrode for a fuel cell of claim 2 , wherein each R is independently fluorine, a trifluoromethyl group, a 3,5-difluorophenyl group, or one group selected from the groups represented by the following formulae:
20. The electrode for a fuel cell of claim 2 , wherein the degree of branching is in the range of about 0.63 to about 0.9.
21. The electrode for a fuel cell of claim 2 , comprising a compound represented by Formula 5 below:
wherein R is fluorine, a trifluoromethyl group, a 3,5-difluorophenyl group, or one group selected from the groups represented by the following formulae:
22. The electrode for a fuel cell of claim 2 , comprising a compound represented by Formula 6 below:
23. The electrode for a fuel cell of claim 2 , comprising a compound represented by Formula 7 below:
wherein R′ is a pentafluorophenyl group.