Health monitoring system with a waveguide to guide a wave from a power source

1. A health monitoring system comprising:

a detection device configured to detect a health status of a creature;

a rectenna;

a waveguide configured to receive a wave transmitted from an external power source and to guide the wave to reach within a width of the rectenna, the waveguide having a width greater than the width of the rectenna, the external power source positioned on a first side of the waveguide;

wherein portions of the wave in the waveguide that are outside of the width of the rectenna are guided to reach the rectenna,

wherein the rectenna is positioned on a second side of the waveguide and configured to receive and to rectify the guided wave to generate an electric power to drive the detection device; and

a transmitter configured to transmit the detected health status to an external device.

2. The health monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the detection device comprises at least one of a chemosensor and a biosensor to sense the health status.

3. The health monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the health monitoring system is configured to be inserted into a body of the creature or configured to be attached on an outer surface of the creature.

4. The health monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the external device comprises a monitor to display the detected health status.

5. The health monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide includes a negative refractive index medium to refract the wave to reach the width of the rectenna.

6. The health monitoring system of claim 5 , wherein the negative refractive index medium comprises a metamaterial.

7. The health monitoring system of claim 6 , wherein the metamaterial comprises a two-dimensional array of repeated unit cells of copper strips and split ring resonators on interlocking strips of standard circuit board material.

8. The health monitoring system of claim 6 , wherein the metamaterial comprises a quantum metamaterial having a manipulated chemical composition and/or a structure of a material.

9. The health monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide comprises a surface plasmon medium to generate a surface plasmon resonance.

10. The health monitoring system of claim 9 , wherein the surface plasmon medium comprises two or more components and one or more dielectric components interposed between the two or more components,

wherein each of the two or more components is composed of a surface plasmon material and each of the one or more dielectric components is composed of a dielectric material, and wherein a permittivity of the two or more components is greater than a permittivity of the one or more dielectric components.

11. The health monitoring system of claim 9 , wherein the surface plasmon medium comprises a loop-wire structure, the loop-wire structure comprises a plurality of wire elements, and each wire element comprises at least one vertical wire with at least one planar loop wound at intervals.

12. The health monitoring system of claim 9 ,

wherein the surface plasmon medium comprises at least two components being spaced from one another, each component being composed of a surface plasmon material, and

wherein the rectenna comprises a rectifier part positioned under the waveguide and at least one antenna part protruding from a part of the rectifier part such that the antenna part is located between the at least two components, and

wherein the at least one antenna part is composed of a dielectric material.

13. The health monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide comprises both a negative refractive index medium to refract the wave and a surface plasmon medium to generate a surface plasmon resonance.

14. The health monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the rectenna is positioned adjacent to the waveguide.

15. The health monitoring system of claim 14 , wherein the width of the rectenna is about 0.5 nm to 300 mm.

16. A health monitoring system comprising:

a detection device configured to detect a health status of a creature and that operates on electric power;

a rectenna having a width, the rectenna including an antenna part and a rectifier part;

a waveguide located between an external power source and the rectenna, the waveguide configured to receive waves transmitted from the external power source and to guide the waves to the rectenna, the waves including at least some waves outside the width of the rectenna, wherein the waveguide is configured to refract at least some waves outside the width of the rectenna such that the waves outside the width of the rectenna are received by the rectenna, wherein the rectenna is configured to receive and rectify the guided waves to generate the electric power to drive the detection device, wherein the waveguide is wirelessly coupled to the antenna part of the rectenna; and

a transmitter configured to transmit the health status detected by the detection device to an external device.

17. The health monitoring system of claim 16 , wherein the waveguide has a width greater than the width of the rectenna, wherein the waveguide includes a negative refractive index medium to refract the waves to reach the width of the rectenna.

18. The health monitoring system of claim 17 , wherein the negative refractive index medium comprises a metamaterial.

19. The health monitoring system of claim 16 , wherein the waveguide comprises a surface plasmon medium to generate a surface plasmon resonance.

20. A method for detecting a health status of a creature, the method comprising:

receiving waves from an external power source at a waveguide, the external power source positioned on a first side of the waveguide;

guiding the waves to reach within a width of a rectenna with the waveguide, wherein the rectenna is positioned on a second side of the waveguide and wherein at least some of the guided waves received at the waveguide are outside of a width of the rectenna;

rectifying the waves guided to the rectenna to generate electric power;

supplying the electric power to a detection device configured to detect the health status of the creature,

wherein the electric power powers the detection device; and

transmitting the health status to an external device.

21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the waveguide comprises a negative refractive index medium to guide the waves including the waves outside of the width of the rectenna to the rectenna.

22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the waveguide comprises a surface plasmon medium to generate a surface plasmon resonance to guide the waves to the rectenna.