Method for preventing the formation of calcium carboxylate deposits in the dewatering process for crude oil/water streams
The invention relates to the use of compounds comprising three hydrophobic groups as additives to a stream of crude oil containing carboxylic acids, in particular naphthenic acids, and salt water, to prevent the formation of calcium carboxylates when the fluid is exposed to shear forces. Preferably, the compounds are added to a crude oil/water stream containing organic acids Ca 2+ ions at a point between the well and the pressure reduction valve in the crude oil receiving station. The compounds have the formula (I) wherein hydrophobic groups R, R′, and R″ are, independently, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group or an optionally substituted acyl group having 4-22 carbon atoms; X is N, P═O or CR′″, wherein R′″ is H or a C1-C4 alkyl group; Y is C═O or CH 2 ; a, a′, a″ b, b′ and b″ each independently are 0 or 1, the subscript 0-1 meaning that if the subscript is 0, then the group is not present in the molecule, whereas if the subscript is 1, then the group is present in the molecule; n, n′, and n″ are, independently, zero or on average at least 1, and at most 14; the sum of n, n′, and n″ is 0 or on average at least 3, and at most 42; and m, m′, and m″ are, independently, on average 0-6, and the sum of m, m′, and m″ is 0-18.
1. A method for preventing the formation of calcium carboxylates in a crude oil/water stream containing carboxylic acids and Ca 2+ ions, said method comprising adding a compound to said crude oil/water stream at a point upstream of a pressure reduction valve in a receiving station, said compound having the formula
wherein R, R′, and R″ are, independently, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group or an optionally substituted acyl group having 4-22 carbon atoms; X is N, P═O or CR′″, wherein R′″ is H or a C1-C4 alkyl group; Y is C═O or CH 2 ; a, a″, a″, b, b′, and b″ each independently are 0 or 1; n, n′, and n″ each independently are on average a number 0-14, the sum of n, n′, and n″ in the molecule being 0-42; and m, m′, and m″ each independently are on average a number 0-6, the sum of m, m′, and m″ in the molecule being 0-18.
2. A method according to claim 1 where the compound has the formula
wherein R1 is H or a C1-C4 alkyl group, R2, R3, and R4 are, independently, a C4-C22 hydrocarbyl group; n, n′, and n″, the sum of n, n′, and n″, m, m′, and m″, and the sum of m, m′, and m″ have the same values as in claim 1 .
3. A method according to claim 1 where the compound has the formula
wherein R5, R6, and R7 are, independently, a C4 to C22 hydrocarbyl group; n, n′, and n″, the sum of n, n′, and n″, m, m′, and m″, and the sum of m, m′, and m″ have the same values as in claim 1 .
4. A method according to claim 1 where the compound has the formula
wherein R8, R9, and R10 are, independently, an optionally substituted acyl group with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, n, n′ and n″, the sum of n, n′ and n″, m, m′ and m″ and the sum of m, m′ and m″ have the same values as in claim 1 .
5. A method according to claim 1 where the compound has the formula
wherein R11, R12, and R13 are, independently, an optionally substituted acyl group with 6 to 22 carbon atoms; n, n′ and n″, the sum of n, n′ and n″, m, m′ and m″ and the sum of m, m′ and m″ have the same values as in claim 1 .
6. A method according to claim 1 where the compound has the formula
wherein R14, R15, and R16 are, independently, a C10 to C22 hydrocarbyl group; n, n′ and n″, the sum of n, n′ and n″, m, m′ and m″ and the sum of m, m′ and m″ have the same values as in claim 1 .
7. A method according to claim 1 wherein the compound is added in a concentration of up to 500 ppm by weight.
8. A method according to claim 1 wherein the compound is added in a formulation together with demulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors or paraffin deposition inhibitors, or mixtures thereof.
9. A method according to claim 1 wherein the temperature of the crude oil at the receiving station is 60-70° C.
10. The method according to claim 1 wherein R, R′, and R″ are, independently, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group or an optionally substituted acyl group having 6-22 carbon atoms.
11. The method according to claim 1 wherein R, R′, and R″ are, independently, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group or an optionally substituted acyl group having 8-22 carbon atoms.
12. The method according to claim 1 wherein R, R′, and R″ are, independently, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group or an optionally substituted acyl group having 10-22 carbon atoms.
13. The method according to claim 2 wherein R2, R3, and R4 are, independently, a C6-C22 hydrocarbyl group.
14. The method according to claim 2 wherein R2, R3, and R4 are, independently, a C8-C22 hydrocarbyl group.
15. The method according to claim 2 wherein R2, R3, and R4 are, independently, a C10-C22 hydrocarbyl group.
16. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises transferring said crude oil/water stream from a production well to said receiving station, adding the compound to said crude oil/water stream upstream of the pressure reduction valve in said receiving station to form a crude oil/water/compound stream and processing said crude oil/water/compound stream through said pressure reduction valve.
17. A crude oil recovery process, said process comprising recovering a crude oil/water stream containing carboxylic acids and Ca 2+ ions, and further comprising adding a compound to said stream in order to inhibit the formation of calcium salts of carboxylic acids during said process, wherein said compound added to said stream has the formula (I)
wherein R, R′, and R″ are, independently, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group or an optionally substituted acyl group having 4-22 carbon atoms; X is N, P═O or CR′″, wherein R′″ is H or a C1-C4 alkyl group; Y is C═O or CH 2 ; a, a′, a″, b, b′, and b″ each independently are 0 or 1;
n, n′, and n″ each independently are on average a number 0-14, the sum of n, n′, and n″ in the molecule being 0-42; and m, m′, and m″ each independently are on average a number 0-6, the sum of m, m′, and m″ in the molecule being 0-18.
18. The method according to claim 17 , which further comprises transferring said crude oil/water stream from a production well to a receiving station, adding the compound to said crude oil/water stream upstream of a pressure reduction valve in said receiving station to form a crude oil/water/compound stream and processing said crude oil/water/compound stream through said pressure reduction valve.