Use of mutated antithrombins for treating or preventing coagulation disorders

1. A method for inhibiting or treating coagulation disorders resulting from side effects of an anticoagulant selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight heparins, danaparoid sodium, fondaparinux and idraparinux, comprising administering to a person in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a mutated antithrombin having substantially no anticoagulant activity, wherein

said mutated antithrombin is a non-wild type mutated antithrombin that differs from plasma antithrombin by having substantially lost factor Xa inhibitory activity and thrombin inhibitory activity and an increased affinity for the anticoagulant so that said mutated antithrombin is able to bind to the anticoagulant and to shift, including in vivo, the binding between plasma antithrombin and anticoagulant, and

wherein said mutated antithrombin comprises, referring to amino acid numbering of the plasma antithrombin amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2:

at least one mutation within the region from the amino acid at position 380 to the amino acid at position 400 to provide a substantial loss of factor Xa inhibitory activity and thrombin inhibitory activity, said mutation being selected from the group consisting of an insertion between the amino acids at positions 393 and 394, a deletion of the amino acid at position 393, a deletion of the amino acid at position 394, and a deletion of the amino acids at positions 393 and 394, said mutation and

at least one mutation at the glycosylation sites at the amino acid at position 96, 135, 155 or 192 to provide a loss of glycosylation and an increase in affinity for the anticoagulant compared to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said mutated antithrombin is in association with a mutant of antithrombin, the amino acid sequence of which differs from that of said mutated antithrombin, wherein said mutated antithrombin has the ability to shift, including in vivo, the binding between plasma antithrombin and said anticoagulant and the ability to shift, including in vivo, the binding between said mutant of antithrombin and said anticoagulant.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the value of the dissociation equilibrium constant (Kd) of the complex resulting from the binding of said mutated antithrombin with said anticoagulant, at physiological ionic strength, is similar or lower than the value of the Kd of the complex between the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and said anticoagulant.

4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the value of the Kd of the complex resulting from the binding of said mutated antithrombin with said anticoagulant, at physiological ionic strength, is similar or lower than the value of the Kd of the complex between said mutant of antithrombin and said anticoagulant.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the anticoagulant is selected from the group consisting of fondaparinux and idraparinux.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one mutation within the region from the amino acid at position 380 to the amino acid at position 400 includes a deletion of the amino acid at position 394.

7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one mutation within the region from the amino acid at position 380 to the amino acid at position 400 includes a deletion of the amino acid at position 393.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one mutation at a glycosylation site includes a mutation at the glycosylation sites at the amino acid at position 135.

9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said mutated antithrombin is an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:

SEQ ID NO:16, said amino acid sequence comprising, in the sequence of antithrombin represented by SEQ ID NO:2, the insertion of a Proline (Pro) between the amino acid at position 393 and the amino acid at position 394, and the substitution of the amino acid at position 135, by a Glutamine (Gln),

SEQ ID NO:20, said amino acid sequence comprising, in the sequence of antithrombin represented by SEQ ID NO:2, the deletion of the amino acid at position 393 and the substitution of the amino acid at position 135, by a Glutamine (Gln),

SEQ ID NO:22, said amino acid sequence comprising, in the sequence of antithrombin represented by SEQ ID NO:2, the deletion of the amino acid at position 394 and the substitution of the amino acid at position 135, by a Glutamine (Gln), and

SEQ ID NO:24, said amino acid sequence comprising, in the sequence of antithrombin represented by SEQ ID NO:2, the deletion of the amino acid at position 393 and at position 394, and the substitution of the amino acid at position 135, by a Glutamine (Gln).

10. A method for inhibiting or treating coagulation disorders resulting from side effects of an anticoagulant selected from the group of low molecular weight heparins, danaparoid sodium, fondaparinux and idraparinux, comprising administering to a person in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a mutated antithrombin having substantially no anticoagulant activity, wherein,

said mutated antithrombin is a non-wild type mutated antithrombin that differs from plasma antithrombin by having substantially lost factor Xa inhibitory activity and thrombin inhibitory activity and an increased affinity for the anticoagulant so that said mutated antithrombin is able to bind to the anticoagulant and to shift, including in vivo, the binding between plasma antithrombin and anticoagulant, and

wherein said mutated antithrombin comprises, referring to amino acid numbering of the plasma antithrombin amino acid sequence comprising the signal peptide, represented by SEQ ID NO: 26:

at least one mutation within the region from the amino acid at position 412 to the amino acid at position 432 to provide a substantial loss of factor Xa inhibitory activity and thrombin inhibitory activity, said mutation being selected from the group consisting of an insertion between the amino acids at positions 425 and 426, a deletion of the amino acid at position 425, a deletion of the amino acid at position 426, and a deletion of the amino acids at positions 425 and 426, said mutation and

at least one mutation at the glycosylation sites at the amino acid at position 128, 167, 187 or 224 to provide a loss of glycosylation and an increase in affinity for the anticoagulant compared to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 26.

11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein said mutated antithrombin comprises a mutation at the amino acid at position 425.

12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein said mutated antithrombin further comprises a mutation at the glycosylation sites at the amino acid at position 167.

13. The method according to claim 10 , wherein said mutated antithrombin is an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:

SEQ ID NO:28, said amino acid sequence comprising, in the sequence of antithrombin represented by SEQ ID NO:26, the substitution of the amino acid at position 425, by an Histidine (His),

SEQ ID NO:30, said amino acid sequence comprising, in the sequence of antithrombin represented by SEQ ID NO:26, the insertion of a Proline (Pro) between the amino acid at position 425 and the amino acid at position 426,

SEQ ID NO:32, said amino acid sequence comprising, in the sequence of antithrombin represented by SEQ ID NO:26, the deletion of the amino acid at position 425, and

SEQ ID NO:34, said amino acid sequence comprising, in the sequence of antithrombin represented by SEQ ID NO:26, the deletion of the amino acid at position 426.

14. The method according to claim 10 , wherein said mutated antithrombin is an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:

SEQ ID NO:38, said amino acid sequence comprising in the sequence of antithrombin represented by SEQ ID NO:26, the substitution of the amino acid at position 425, by an Histidine (His), and the substitution of the amino acid at position 167, by a Glutamine (Gln),

SEQ ID NO:40, said amino acid sequence comprising, in the sequence of antithrombin represented by SEQ ID NO:26, the insertion of a Proline (Pro) between the amino acid at position 425 and the amino acid at position 426, and the substitution of the amino acid at position 167, by a Glutamine (Gln),

SEQ ID NO:44, said amino acid sequence comprising, in the sequence of antithrombin represented by SEQ ID NO:26, the deletion of the amino acid at position 425 and the substitution of the amino acid at position 167, by a Glutamine (Gln),

SEQ ID NO:46, said amino acid sequence comprising, in the sequence of antithrombin represented by SEQ ID NO:26, the deletion of the amino acid at position 426 and the substitution of the amino acid at position 167, by a Glutamine (Gln), and

SEQ ID NO:48, said amino acid sequence comprising, in the sequence of antithrombin represented by SEQ ID NO:26, the deletion of the amino acid at position 425 and at position 426 and the substitution of the amino acid at position 167, by a Glutamine (Gln).

15. A method for inhibiting or treating coagulation disorders resulting from side effects of an anticoagulant selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight heparins, danaparoid sodium, fondaparinux and idraparinux, comprising administering to a person in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a mutated antithrombin having substantially no anticoagulant activity, wherein

said mutated antithrombin is a non-wild type mutated antithrombin that differs from plasma antithrombin by having substantially lost factor Xa inhibitory activity and thrombin inhibitory activity and an increased affinity for the anticoagulant so that said mutated antithrombin is able to bind to the anticoagulant and to shift, including in vivo, the binding between plasma antithrombin and anticoagulant, and

wherein said mutated antithrombin is represented by SEQ ID NO: 18, which comprises, referring to amino acid numbering of the plasma antithrombin amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2:

the deletion of the amino acid at position 393 and at position 394, and

at least one mutation at the glycosylation sites at the amino acid at position 96, 135, 155 or 192 to provide a loss of glycosylation and an increase in affinity for the anticoagulant compared to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2.

16. A method for inhibiting or treating coagulation disorders resulting from side effects of an anticoagulant selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight heparins, danaparoid sodium, fondaparinux and idraparinux, comprising administering to a person in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a mutated antithrombin having substantially no anticoagulant activity, wherein,

said mutated antithrombin is a non-wild type mutated antithrombin that differs from plasma antithrombin by having substantially lost factor Xa inhibitory activity and thrombin inhibitory activity and an increased affinity for the anticoagulant so that said mutated antithrombin is able to bind to the anticoagulant and to shift, including in vivo, the binding between plasma antithrombin and anticoagulant, and

wherein said mutated antithrombin is represented by SEQ ID NO: 42, which comprises, referring to amino acid numbering of the plasma antithrombin amino acid sequence comprising the signal peptide, represented by SEQ ID NO: 26:

the deletion of the amino acid at position 425 and at position 426, and

at least one mutation at the glycosylation sites at the amino acid at position 128, 167, 187 or 224 to provide a loss of glycosylation and an increase in affinity for the anticoagulant compared to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 26.