Functional assay for identification of loss-of-function mutations in genes
Provided herein are compositions and methods for assaying the deleteriousness of putative loss-of-function mutations, especially in genes known to be or suspected of being tumor-suppressor genes. The invention includes syngeneic variance libraries and methods of construction and use of syngeneic variance libraries.
1. A method for classifying relative deleteriousness of a mutation in a nucleic acid sequence of a gene to a mammalian cell comprising:
providing an isolated mammalian cell comprising a genome comprising a single functional copy of a first gene and a non-functional copy of the first gene;
transforming the cell with a nucleic acid construct comprising a nucleic acid sequence from a second gene comprising the mutation to be classified, wherein the nucleic acid sequence from the second gene comprises a mutated first gene or a mutated fragment of the first gene, wherein the nucleic acid sequence from the second gene is flanked by two nucleic acid sequences to allow recombination with the genome of the cell in the first gene;
detecting a frequency of recombination of the nucleic acid sequence from the second gene in the functional copy of the first gene,
detecting a frequency of recombination of the nucleic acid sequence from the second gene in the non-functional copy of the first gene,
comparing the frequency of recombination in the functional copy of the first gene to the frequency of recombination in the non-functional copy of the first gene, wherein an equal or higher frequency of recombination of the nucleic acid sequence from the second gene in the functional copy of the first gene compared to the non-functional copy of the first gene is indicative of a nondeleterious mutation to a mammalian cell, and wherein a lower frequency of recombination of the nucleic acid sequence from the second gene in the functional copy of the first gene compared to the non-functional copy of the first gene is indicative of a deleterious mutation to a mammalian cell.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid sequence from the second gene comprising a mutation comprises a fragment of the first gene that is present as a single functional copy in the cell.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first gene, or the second gene, or both the first and second genes are suspected of being tumor-suppressor genes.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell comprises a library of cells comprising members comprising different single functional first genes.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing a library of nucleic acid constructs comprising a nucleic acid sequence from a second gene.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mutation in the second gene is in a gene region selected from an intron, an exon, a 3′-UTR, 5′-UTR, transcriptional regulatory region, translational regulatory region, and a region at a junction between two of the regions.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the flanking sequences is not present in a non-functional copy of the first gene in the mammalian cell.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising performing a functional assay on a cell after detecting recombination.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mammalian cell is a somatic cell.