Polyketal compounds, synthesis, and applications
The invention relates to polyketal compounds. The compounds are synthesized by the selective ketalization of oxocarboxylic acids, e.g. keto acids and semialdehydes, and esters thereof with tetrols and higher polyols that products two or more cyclic ketal ester moieties per molecule, wherein the cyclic ketal moieties are situated in a bis-, tris-, or polyketal conformation. The invention further relates to applications of these compounds and subsequent reactions thereof.
1. A polyketal having structure I:
wherein
α is 1 or 2;
R 1 is hydrogen, a metal cation, an organic cation, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkaryl, or an oligomeric or polymeric moiety; and optionally contains one or more heteroatoms; and R 1 is the same or different for each occurrence;
R 2 , R 3 , R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, a linear, branched or cyclic alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, or alkaryl; and optionally contains one or more heteroatoms; R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is the same or different for each occurrence;
R 4 is a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, a linear, branched or cyclic alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, or alkaryl; and optionally contains one or more heteroatoms; and R 4 is the same or different for each occurrence;
R 7 is a covalent bond, methylene, ethylene, or —CH 2 —O—CH 2 — and R 7 is the same or difference for each occurrence, provided that when α is 1, R 7 is not —CH 2 —O—CH 2 —;
R 8 and R 9 are hydrogen;
a is 0 or an integer of 1 to 12 wherein a is the same or different for each occurrence; and
b is 0 or 1, wherein b=0 indicates a five membered ring,
and b=1 indicates a 6 membered ring,
and b is the same or different for each occurrence.
2. A formulation comprising one or more polyketals of claim 1 and one or more polymers or solvents.
3. An article comprising the formulation of claim 2 .
4. The polyketal of claim 1 wherein in all R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, all R 4 are methyl, and all R 7 are covalent bonds.
5. The polyketal of claim 4 wherein all a are 2, all b are 0, R 8 and R 9 are hydrogen, and all α are 1 or 2.
6. The polyketal of claim 1 wherein R 1 is ethyl, butyl, or 2-ethylhexyl.
7. The polyketal of claim 1 wherein R 1 is the residue of a polyol.
8. The polyketal of claim 1 wherein R 1 comprises isocyanate, acrylate, methacrylate, allyl, or oxiranyl groups.
9. The formulation of claim 2 wherein the polymer is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(lactic acid), or polystyrene.
10. The formulation of claim 2 wherein the formulation is a coating formulation.
11. The polyketal of claim 1 having the structure V:
wherein each R is independently an ethyl group or a linear or branched butyl group.
12. The polyketal of claim one having the structure VI:
wherein each R is independently an ethyl group or a linear or branched butyl group.
13. The polyketal of claim 1 , wherein R 7 is a covalent bond, methylene or ethylene, and R 7 is the same or different for each occurrence.