Heterocyclic boronic acid compounds

1. A method for inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-IV comprising contacting dipeptidyl peptidase-IV with an effective amount of a compound of formula (I):

including all cyclic isomers thereof, stereoisomers thereof, solvates thereof, hydrates thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:

n is 1;

X is CH 2 , CF 2 or C(CH 3 ) 2 ;

Z is H, halogen, hydroxyl, (C 1-6 )alkoxy, (C 1-12 )alkyl, (C 3-12 )cycloalkyl, phenyl, or heteroaryl; wherein the phenyl and heteroaryl groups are optionally mono- or independently plurisubstituted with R 7 ;

optionally, X together with an adjacent ring carbon and Z form a fused cyclopropyl;

optionally, one of the bonds in the ring containing X is a double bond;

R 7 is halogen, (C 1-10 )alkyl, (C 1-10 )alkoxy, (C 1-10 )alkylamino, (C 1-10 )dialkylamino, benzyl, benzyloxy, hydroxy(C 1-6 )alkyl, hydroxymethyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylthio, N-hydroxyamino, cyano, carboxy, acetamido, hydroxy, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, or carbamoyl;

R 1 and R 2 are each independently —OH, a hydroxyl bearing a boronic acid protecting group, or a group capable of being hydrolyzed to a hydroxyl group in an aqueous solution at physiological pH or in biological fluids;

R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are selected from the following Set I or Set II;

Set I: R 3 and R 4 independently are hydrogen, C 1 to C 6 alkyl or C 3 to C 6 cycloalkyl; and R 5 is heteroaryl; cycloheteroalkyl or cycloheteroalkylalkyl; all optionally mono- or independently plurisubstituted with halogen, alkyl, polyhaloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, polyhaloalkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heteroarylamino, arylamino, cycloheteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkylalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, cyano, amino, substituted amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, thiol, alkylthio, alkylcarbonyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkynylamino-carbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkenylaminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylaminocarbonyl-amino, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkylsulfonyl, aminosulfinyl, aminosulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, or sulfonamido; or,

Set II: R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen and R 5 is:

wherein

R 20 is hydrogen, (C 1-8 )alkyl, (C 1-6 )alkylcarbonyl, mono- or di-(C 1 -6 )alkylaminocarbonyl, (C 3-8 )cycloalkylcarbonyl, benzyl, benzoyl, (C 1-6 )alkyloxycarbonyl, aralkyloxycarbonyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, phenyl, phenyl-substituted thiazolyl, phenylaminocarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, or phenylsulfonyl; wherein the benzyl, benzoyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, phenyl, phenylaminocarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, and phenylsulfonyl groups are optionally mono- or independently di-substituted with R 12 ;

R 12 is halogen, trifluoromethyl, cyano, nitro, (C 1-6 )alkyl, (C 1-6 )alkoxy, cycloalkyl, carboxy, acetamido, hydroxy, hydroxy(C 1-6 )alkyl, trifluoromethoxy, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, sulfonamido, alkylsufonyl, phenylsulfonyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl groups are optionally mono- or independently plurisubstituted with R 7 ;

R x is hydrogen, (C 1-8 )alkyl, (C 3-12 ) cycloalkyl, benzyl, or phenyl; wherein the benzyl and phenyl groups are optionally mono- or independently di-substituted on the ring with R 12 ;

R y is absent or is halogen, (C 1-8 )alkyl, (C 1-8 )alkoxy, O -alkylcarboxylate, O-aralkylcarboxylate, N-alkylcarboxamido, N-aralkylcarboxamido, or phenyl;

s is 1 to 6; t is 0 to 6; and u is 0 to 3; and

wherein a bond bisected by a wavy line signifies a point of attachment.

2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV is within a mammal in need of treatment for a malcondition that can be regulated or normalized via inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV and the contacting step comprises administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the compound.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a second medicament selected from the group consisting of a second medicament that increases insulin secretion, increases insulin sensitivity, reduces the uptake of sugar from the gastrointestinal tract, enhances the effect of endogenous peptides or proteins that affect glycemic control, or provides a replacement for endogenous peptides, proteins that affect glycemic control, or any combination thereof.

4. A method according to claim 3 wherein one or more second medicaments are administered and are selected from the group consisting of

a) Other dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors;

b) Insulin sensitizers selected from the group consisting of (i) PPAR agonists, (ii) biguanides, and (iii) protein phosphatase-1B inhibitors;

c) Insulin or insulin mimetics;

d) Sulfonylureas or other insulin secretagogues;

e) α-glucosidase inhibitors;

f) glucagons receptor agonists;

g) GLP-1, GLP-1 mimetics, and GLP-1 receptor agonists;

h) GLP-2, GLP-2 mimetics, and GLP-2 receptor agonists;

i) GIP, GIP mimetics, and GIP receptor agonists;

j) PACAP, PACAP mimetics, and PACAP receptor 3 agonists;

k) Cholesterol lowering agents selected from the group consisting of (i) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, (ii) sequestrants, (iii) nicotinyl alcohol, nicotinic acid or a salt thereof, (iv) PPARα agonists, (v) PPARα/γ dual agonists, (vi) inhibitors of cholesterol absorption, (vii) acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors, and (viii) anti-oxidants;

l) PPARδ agonists;

m) Anti-obesity compounds;

n) An ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor;

o) Anti-inflammatory agents;

p) G-CSF, G-CSF mimetics, and G-CSF receptor agonists; and

q) EPO, EPO mimetics, and EPO receptor agonists.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are each hydroxyl.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein R 1 and R 2 are each hydroxyl that independently or together bear a boronic acid protecting group formed from (+) -pinanediol; pinacol; 1,2-dicyclohexyl-ethanediol; 1,2-ethanediol; 2,2-diethanolamine; 1,3-propanediol; 2,3-butanediol, diisopropyl tartrate; 1,4-butanediol; diisopropylethanediol; (S,S,)-5,6-decanediol; 1,1,2-triphenyl-1,2-ethanediol; (2R,3R)-1,4-dimethyoxy-1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-2,3-butanediol; methanol; ethanol; isopropanol; catechol; or 1-butanol; or wherein R 1 and R 2 independently or together are a group capable of being hydrolyzed to form a boronic acid group —B(OH) 2 in an aqueous solution at physiological pH or in biological fluids.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein X is CH 2 ; the ring containing X is saturated; R 1 and R 2 are each hydroxyl, R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen; and R 5 is a group of Set I.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein X is CH 2 ; the ring containing X is saturated; R 1 and R 2 are each hydroxyl, R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen; and R 5 is a group of Set II.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein X is CH 2 ; the ring containing X is saturated; R 1 and R 2 are hydroxyl, R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen; and R 5 is a group of formula

10. The method of of claim 8 wherein R x is hydrogen, R 20 is hydrogen, t is 0, and u is 1.

11. The method of 1 wherein the compound of formula (I) is

12. The method of 1 wherein the compound of formula (I) is