Anti-corrosion conformal coating for metal conductors electrically connecting an electronic component
An apparatus includes an electronic component mounted on a substrate and metal conductors electrically connecting the electronic component. A conformal coating overlies the metal conductors and comprises a polymer into which a phosphine compound is impregnated and/or covalently bonded. Accordingly, the conformal coating is able to protect the metal conductors from corrosion caused by sulfur components (e.g., elemental sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, and/or sulfur oxides) in the air. That is, the phosphine compound in the polymer reacts with any corrosion inducing sulfur component in the air and prevents the sulfur component from reacting with the underlying metal conductors. Preferably, the phosphine compound in the polymer does not react with other components in the air (e.g., carbon dioxide) which would otherwise deplete its availability for the target reaction. The phosphine compound may be rendered completely non-volatile by covalently bonding it directly into the polymer backbone.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a substrate;
an electronic component mounted on the substrate;
metal conductors electrically connecting the electronic component; and
a conformal coating overlying the metal conductors, wherein the conformal coating comprises a polymer, and wherein a phosphine compound is covalently bonded directly into the polymer backbone.
2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the conformal coating is exposed to, and protects the metal conductors from, a gaseous environment that includes elemental sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, and/or sulfur oxides, and wherein the metal conductors comprise silver.
3. The apparatus as recited in claim 2 , wherein the electronic component is a gate resistor of a resistor network array, and wherein the metal conductors comprise an inner silver layer of the gate resistor.
4. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the polymer is selected from a group consisting of a silicone-based polymer, an epoxy-based polymer, and an acrylate-based polymer; and combinations thereof.
5. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the phosphine compound is selected from a group consisting of alkyl phosphines and aryl phosphines; and combinations thereof.
6. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the phosphine compound is selected from a group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted butyl phosphines and substituted or unsubstituted phenyl phosphines; and combinations thereof.
7. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the conformal coating is a substituted phosphine polysiloxane conformal coating.
8. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the conformal coating is a substituted phosphine polyacrylate conformal coating.
9. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the conformal coating is a substituted phosphine polyepoxide conformal coating.
10. A conformal coating composition for protecting a metal surface from corrosion, the conformal coating composition comprising:
a polymer; and
a phosphine compound covalently bonded directly into the polymer backbone, wherein the conformal coating composition is a substituted phosphine polysiloxane of formula (I):
wherein each silicon atom in the polysiloxane is attached to a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group; and wherein
R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group,
m is an integer of at least 1, and
n is an integer of at least 1.
11. A method for producing an apparatus, comprising the steps of:
providing an electronic component mounted on a substrate and electrically connected by metal conductors; and
covering the electronic component with a conformal coating, wherein the conformal coating overlies the metal conductors and comprises a polymer, and wherein a phosphine compound is covalently bonded directly into the polymer backbone.
12. The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein the step of covering the electronic component includes the steps of:
applying a polymer solution in an at least partially uncured state over the electronic component and the substrate by dipping, spraying, spin-coating, casting, brushing, rolling, and/or syringe; and
curing the polymer solution applied over the electronic component and the substrate to thereby produce the conformal coating.
13. The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein the polymer backbone comprises plural instances of a repeating group, and wherein plural instances of the phosphine compound are covalently bonded directly into the polymer backbone each at one of the plural instances of the repeating group.