Overflow downdraw glass forming method and apparatus
The present invention discloses improved methods and apparatus for forming sheet glass. In one embodiment, the invention introduces a counteracting force to the stresses on the forming structure in a manner such that the thermal creep which inevitably occurs has a minimum impact on the glass flow characteristics of the forming structure.
1. A method for forming sheet glass using an apparatus, wherein the apparatus includes an inflow pipe for delivering molten glass, a trough for receiving molten glass that has sides attached to a wedged shaped sheet forming structure that has downwardly sloping sides converging at the bottom of the wedge such that a glass sheet is formed when molten glass flows over the sides of the trough, down the downwardly sloping sides of the wedged shaped sheet forming structure and meets at the bottom of wedge, and wherein the method comprises the steps of:
providing a downcomer pipe connected to an end of the inflow pipe opposite the trough, wherein a bottom end of the downcomer pipe is located at or below a glass free surface in the inflow pipe and the downcomer pipe and the inflow pipe have a size and shape; and
maintaining a glass temperature at the free surface above a glass liquidus temperature with at least one heater located at the top of the inflow pipe and/or the bottom of the downcomer pipe in an area of the free surface.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heater prevents formation of devitrification defects.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the heater is part of a bottom of the downcomer pipe.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the heater is part of a top of the inflow pipe.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising at least one sealing block surrounding the downcomer pipe, wherein the heater is part of the sealing block.
6. A method for forming sheet glass using an apparatus, wherein the apparatus includes an inflow pipe for delivering molten glass, a trough for receiving molten glass that has sides attached to a wedged shaped sheet forming structure that has downwardly sloping sides converging at the bottom of the wedge such that a glass sheet is formed when molten glass flows over the sides of the trough, down the downwardly sloping sides of the wedged shaped sheet forming structure and meets at the bottom of wedge, and wherein the method comprises the steps of:
providing a downcomer pipe connected to and end of the inflow pipe opposite the trough, wherein the bottom end of the downcomer pipe is located above a glass free surface in the inflow pipe and the downcomer pipe and the inflow pipe have a size and shape; and
maintaining a glass temperature at the free surface above a glass liquidus temperature with at least one heater located at the top of the inflow pipe and/or the bottom of the downcomer pipe in an area of the free surface.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the heater prevents formation of devitrification homogeneity defects.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein the heater is part of a bottom of the downcomer pipe.
9. The method of claim 6 wherein the heater is part of a top of the inflow pipe.
10. The method of claim 6 , further comprising at least one sealing block surrounding the downcomer pipe, wherein the heater is part of the sealing block.
11. A method for forming sheet glass using an apparatus, wherein the apparatus includes an inflow pipe for delivering molten glass, a trough for receiving molten glass that has sides attached to a wedged shaped sheet forming structure that has downwardly sloping sides converging at the bottom of the wedge such that a glass sheet is formed when molten glass flows over the sides of the trough, down the downwardly sloping sides of the wedged shaped sheet forming structure and meets at the bottom of wedge, and wherein the method comprises the step of:
providing a downcomer pipe connected to an end of the inflow pipe opposite the trough, wherein a conical section is incorporated in the inflow pipe at a vertical location of a glass free surface at a juncture of the downcomer pipe and inflow pipe.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the included half angle of the conical section is between 10 and 50 degrees and the apex of the conical section is above the conical section.
13. A method for forming sheet glass using an apparatus, wherein the apparatus includes a trough for receiving molten glass that has sides attached to a wedged shaped sheet forming structure that has downwardly sloping sides converging at the bottom of the wedge such that a glass sheet is formed when molten glass flows over the sides of the trough, down the downwardly sloping sides of the wedged shaped sheet forming structure and meets at the bottom of the wedge, and wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(a) measuring a mass flow of air into a muffled door chamber with at least one inflow measurement device;
(b) measuring a mass flow of air out of the muffle door chamber with at least one outflow measurement device; and
(c) providing at least one vent opening in a top of the muffle door chamber that allows air flow between the muffle door chamber and a chamber containing the sheet forming structure;
wherein the outflow measurement device regulates cooling air flowing out of the muffle door chamber equal to a measured value that flows into the muffle door chamber minus a quantity of forced convection air mass flow desired for cooling the glass flowing off a bottom of the wedged shaped sheet forming structure.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the inflow measurement device regulates cooling air flowing into the muffle door chamber to a constant value such that energy loss in a muffle door zone is constant.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the vent opening between the muffle door chamber and the chamber containing the sheet forming structure is large enough to substantially equalize a pressure between the muffle door chamber and the chamber containing the sheet forming structure such that no air leaks through cracks and openings between the muffle door chamber and the glass flowing off a bottom of the wedged shaped sheet forming structure.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein the vent opening between the muffle door chamber and the chamber containing the sheet forming structure is large enough to substantially equalize a pressure between the muffle door chamber and the chamber containing the sheet forming structure such that no air leaks through cracks and openings between the muffle door chamber and the glass flowing off a bottom of the wedged shaped sheet forming structure.