Convective heat systems for recovery of hydrocarbons from encapsulated permeability control infrastructures

1. A constructed permeability control infrastructure, comprising:

a) a permeability control impoundment defining a substantially encapsulated volume, wherein the permeability control impoundment comprises clay, bentonite clay, compacted fill, refractory cement, cement, synthetic geogrids, fiberglass, rebar, nanocarbon, filled geotextile bags, polymeric resins, or combinations thereof;

b) a comminuted hydro carbonaceous material within the encapsulated volume forming a permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material; and

c) at least one convection driving conduit oriented in a lower portion of the permeable body to generate bulk convective flow patterns throughout the permeable body.

2. The infrastructure of claim 1 , wherein the convection driving conduit is oriented along a floor of the encapsulated volume.

3. The infrastructure of claim 1 , wherein the convection driving conduit is oriented along lower periphery edges of the encapsulated volume.

4. The infrastructure of claim 1 , wherein the at least one convection driving conduit is oriented substantially horizontally.

5. The infrastructure of claim 1 , wherein the permeability control impoundment is substantially free of undisturbed geological formations.

6. The infrastructure of claim 1 , wherein the convection driving conduit is adapted to provide sufficient heat to increase a primary heating zone to a temperature greater than about 200° F., which is at least about 80% of the total encapsulated volume.

7. The infrastructure of claim 1 , wherein the convection driving conduit is adapted to distribute heat substantially uniformly throughout the permeable body.

8. The infrastructure of claim 1 , wherein the control infrastructure is formed in direct contact with the walls of an excavated hydrocarbonaceous material deposit.

9. The infrastructure of claim 1 , wherein the control infrastructure is free-standing.

10. The infrastructure of claim 1 , further comprising at least one interior wall within the control infrastructure subdividing the encapsulated volume.

11. The infrastructure of claim 1 , wherein the comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material comprises or consists essentially of oil shale, tar sands, coal, lignite, bitumen, peat, or combinations thereof.

12. The infrastructure of claim 1 , wherein the permeable body further comprises an additive or biomass.

13. The infrastructure of claim 1 , wherein the permeable body has a void space from about 10% to about 50% of a total volume of the permeable body.

14. The infrastructure of claim 1 , further comprising a heat source thermally associated with the permeable body.

15. The infrastructure of claim 14 , wherein the convection driving conduit is thermally coupled to the heat source and embedded in the permeable body to form a closed heating system having substantially no mass transfer between the permeable body and heating fluids within the convection driving conduit.

16. A method of recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous materials, comprising:

a) forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure which defines a substantially encapsulated volume, wherein the constructed permeability control infrastructure comprises clay, bentonite clay, compacted fill, refractory cement, cement, synthetic geogrids, fiberglass, rebar, nanocarbon, filled geotextile bags, polymeric resins, or combinations thereof;

b) introducing a comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material;

c) passing heated fluid in bulk convective flow patterns throughout the permeable body in order to substantially remove hydrocarbons from the permeable body; and

d) collecting removed hydrocarbons.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the bulk convective flow patterns are generated by at least one convection driving conduit oriented in a lower portion of the permeable body.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the convection driving conduit is oriented along a floor of the encapsulated volume.

19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the convection driving conduit is oriented along lower periphery edges of the encapsulated volume.

20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the convection driving conduit is embedded within the permeable body.

21. The method of claim 17 , wherein the convection driving conduit is oriented substantially horizontally.

22. The method of claim 17 , wherein the convection driving conduit is fluidly coupled to a heat source and further comprising circulating a heating fluid in a closed loop through the convection driving conduit sufficient to prevent substantial mass transfer between the heating fluid and the permeable body.

23. The method of claim 17 , wherein the convection driving conduit provides sufficient heat to increase a primary heating zone to a temperature greater than about 200° F., which is at least about 80% of the total encapsulated volume.

24. The method of claim 16 , wherein the step of passing heated fluid in bulk convective flow patterns heats the permeable body sufficiently uniformly and within a temperature range sufficient to substantially avoid formation of carbon dioxide or non-hydrocarbon leachates.

25. The method of claim 16 , wherein the control infrastructure is formed in direct contact with walls of an excavated hydrocarbonaceous material deposit.

26. The method of claim 16 , wherein the control infrastructure is free-standing.

27. The method of claim 16 , wherein the hydrocarbonaceous material comprises oil shale, tar sands, coal, lignite, bitumen, peat, or combinations thereof.

28. The method of claim 16 , wherein the step of passing heated fluid includes injecting heated gases into the control infrastructure such that the permeable body is primarily heated via convection as the heated gases pass via the bulk convective flow patterns throughout the permeable body.