Distance to angle metrology system (DAMS) and method

1. A system for measuring movement of an object comprising:

a source of light for emitting a beam,

an object for receiving the beam from the source and reflecting the beam,

a reflective optic for receiving the beam reflected from the object and reflecting the beam at a first angle, and

a receiver for receiving the reflected beam from the reflective optic,

wherein when the object moves in distance, by an amount less than 600 microns, the reflective optic reflects the beam at a second angle, and

the receiver measures movement of the object, based on a difference between the first angle and the second angle.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein

the reflective optic is a cylindrical reflective optic.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein

the reflective optic is a spherical reflective optic.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein

the receiver includes a quad-cell imaging system.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein

the receiver includes a focal plane array (FPA).

6. The system of claim 1 wherein

the source of light includes a laser.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein

the source of light includes a collimated beam source.

8. The system of claim 1 wherein

the object includes a reflective surface for receiving and reflecting the beam at an angle of theta (θ) with respect to a normal direction from the reflective surface.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein

the reflective surface includes a mirror mounted on the object for receiving and reflecting the beam.

10. The system of claim 1 wherein

the beam is reflected from the object to strike the reflective optic at the first angle with respect to a normal direction from the reflective optic, and the first angle is formed before movement of the object (Δz=0), and

the beam is next reflected from the object to strike the reflective optic at the second angle with respect to a normal direction from the reflective optic, and the second angle is formed after movement of the object by a distance of Δz.

11. The system of claim 1 wherein

an adjustable lens is disposed between the source of light and the target for focusing the beam of light at a location adjacent to the reflective optic.

12. The system of claim 11 wherein

the adjustable lens includes a mirror.

13. The system of claim 1 wherein

the object is disposed inside a cold box, and

the reflective optic is disposed outside of the cold box.

14. The system of claim 10 wherein

the object is subject to movement in a z-direction,

the reflective optic includes a circular portion of radius R, the radius and the z-direction formed in the same plane,

the reflective optic is configured to receive the beam from the object at a first location along the circular portion, when the object movement is zero in the z-direction, and

the reflective optic is configured to receive the beam from the object at a second location along the circular portion, when the object moves by a distance of Δz in the z-direction, and

the receiver receives the beam from the first location and the second location and determines the distance Δz.

15. The system of claim 1 wherein

the reflective optic includes a cylindrical reflective optic having a radius of R, or a spherical reflective optic having a radius of R.

16. The system of claim 10 wherein

the receiver is configured to receive the beam from the first location at a first angle with respect to a normal extended from the reflective optic in the plane, and receive the beam from the second location at a second angle with respect to another normal extended from the reflective optic in the plane, and

the receiver determines the distance Δz based on a difference between the first angle and the second angle.

17. The system of claim 1 wherein

the refractive optic includes a plano hemispheric refractive optic.

18. The system of claim 1 wherein

the refractive optic includes a meniscus refractive optic.