Duodenal Stimulation To Induce Satiety
Methods and devices for creating and/or adding to sensations of satiety to reduce food intake. Methods include electrically stimulating the duodenum which may induce false nerve signals in the duodenal region which are normally indicative of duodenal distension (fullness) and/or the presence of food in the duodenum. These artificially generated signals may be superimposed on existing, naturally present signals. The artificially generated signals may be applied in a pattern which mimics at least in part a naturally occurring pattern of duodenal signals generated responsive to eating a meal. Some artificial patterns may be exaggerated relative to the natural patterns, by occurring earlier after ingestion, and/or lasting longer after ingestion, having an exaggerated (higher) frequency response or a faster rate of frequency increase after ingestion. The applied signals may generate nerve signals going to the brain which induce a feeling of satiety. The signals may trigger local neural loops which may feed back to and decrease peristalsis in, the stomach.
1 . A method for inducing satiety, the method comprising:
electrically stimulating the autonomic and/or enteric nervous system of a duodenum by applying an electrical stimulation pattern which induces a biological signal indicating duodenal distension and/or the presence of food in the duodenum, where the electrical stimulation pattern includes a plurality of electrical signals over time.
2 . The method of claim 1 , in which the biological signal includes biological signals that communicate primarily afferently rather than efferently.
3 . The method of claim 1 , in which the electrical signals recruit a substantially larger portion of A fibers than B fibers.
4 . The method of claim 1 , in which the electrical signals have a frequency of between about 1 Hz and 20 Hz.
5 . The method as in claim 4 , in which the electrical signal frequency increases over a period of time mimicking a period of normal stomach filing during a normal meal.
6 . The method as in claim 5 , in which the frequency increases over a period of time at least twice as fast as that of normal stomach filing during a normal meal.
7 . The method of claim 1 , in which the signal is delivered at times corresponding to typical meal times.
8 . The method of claim 1 , in which the signals are delivered responsive to signals indicative of eating.
9 . The method of claim 1 , in which the electrical stimulation is a manually generated signal.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical stimulation is provided by at least one electrode that is positioned within a vein near the duodenum.
11 . The method of claim 10 , in which the signal includes a signal from a pressure sensing sleeve disposed around the duodenum.
12 . The method of claim 1 , in which the biological signal generated includes a nerve signal.
13 . The method of claim 1 , in which the biological signal generated includes a gut hormone or peptide signal.
14 . A method for inducing satiety, the method comprising:
inserting an electrode within a vein near the duodenum, wherein electrical activation of the electrode excites at least one autonomic nerve; and
electrically stimulating the autonomic nerve by applying an electrical stimulation pattern which induces a biological signal indicating duodenal distension and/or the presence of food in the duodenum.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the vein is selected from the superior mesenteric vein, posterior, anterior, inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins, middle colic vein, right colic vein, ileocolic vein, anterior, posterior cecal veins, hepatic portal vein, posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein, prepyloric vein, anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein, hepatic portal vein, posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein, superior mesenteric vein, anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein, anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein, posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein and/or combinations thereof.
16 . The method of claim 14 , in which the initiation of the signal is triggered by eating and the passage of a time delay period.
17 . The method of claim 16 , in which the time delay is of the same order of magnitude required for food to pass from ingestion to the duodenum.
18 . The method of claim 14 , in which the signal indicative of eating is at least in part generated responsive to pyloric contraction.
19 . The method of claim 14 , in which the stimulating includes stimulating the autonomic nerves which are disposed along at least one of the gastroduodenal artery, supra duodenal artery, pancreatic duodenal artery, posterior superior pancreatic duodenal artery, anterior superior pancreatic duodenal artery, posterior inferior pancreatic duodenal artery, anterior inferior pancreatic duodenal artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery.
20 . An implantable pulse generator having executable logic capable of executing the electrical stimulation pattern as described in claim 14 .