Propulsion Energy Storage Control System and Method of Control
A propulsion energy storage control system and method of control interspersed between a heavy duty hybrid-electric drive system and its propulsion energy storage. The control system having an energy storage DC bus, electrical interfaces to the drive system and a plurality of propulsion energy storage subsystems, DC-to-DC converters at each interface, and a controller configured to operate each DC-to-DC converter independently such that power flow may charge, discharge, and shuttle between the plurality of propulsion energy storage subsystems.
1 . A propulsion energy storage control system in a hybrid electric vehicle, the hybrid electric vehicle having a propulsion DC bus, a first propulsion energy storage subsystem, and a second propulsion energy storage subsystem, the propulsion energy storage control system comprising:
an energy storage DC bus, the energy storage bus being separate and distinct from the propulsion DC bus;
a propulsion DC bus interface configured to couple the propulsion energy storage control system with the propulsion DC bus;
a propulsion bus DC-to-DC converter selectably coupled to and electrically interspersed between the propulsion DC bus interface and the energy storage DC bus;
a first energy storage subsystem interface configured to couple the propulsion energy storage control system with the first propulsion energy storage subsystem;
a first energy storage DC-to-DC converter selectably coupled to and electrically interspersed between the first energy storage subsystem interface and the energy storage DC bus;
a second propulsion energy storage subsystem interface configured to couple the propulsion energy storage control system with the second propulsion energy storage subsystem;
a second energy storage DC-to-DC converter selectably coupled to and electrically interspersed between the second propulsion energy storage subsystem interface and the energy storage DC bus;
a controller configured to operate the first energy storage DC-to-DC converter, the second energy storage DC-to-DC converter, and the propulsion bus DC-to-DC converter.
2 . The propulsion energy storage control system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to maintain the energy storage DC bus at an intermediate voltage, the intermediate voltage being lower than that of the propulsion DC bus.
3 . The propulsion energy storage control system of claim 2 , further comprising an electrical accessory interface; and,
wherein the intermediate voltage is maintained at a predetermined voltage associated with the operation voltage of one or more electrical accessories drawing power via the electrical accessory interface.
4 . The propulsion energy storage control system of claim 1 , wherein the first propulsion energy storage subsystem is an ultracapacitor-based energy storage subsystem and the second propulsion energy storage subsystem is a battery-based energy storage subsystem.
5 . The propulsion energy storage control system of claim 4 , wherein the controller is further configured to electrically couple the first propulsion energy storage subsystem to the propulsion DC bus via the first energy storage DC-to-DC converter and the propulsion bus DC-to-DC converter, while electrically decoupling the second propulsion energy storage subsystem from the energy storage DC bus via the second energy storage DC-to-DC converter.
6 . The propulsion energy storage control system of claim 5 , wherein the controller is further configured to subsequently electrically decouple the first propulsion energy storage subsystem from the propulsion DC bus via the propulsion bus DC-to-DC converter, while electrically coupling the first propulsion energy storage subsystem to the second propulsion energy storage subsystem via the first and the second energy storage DC-to-DC converters.
7 . The propulsion energy storage control system of claim 1 , further comprising a trigger interface configured to receive a trigger signal; and,
wherein the controller is further configured to modify at least one power flow path between the first energy storage DC-to-DC converter, the second energy storage DC-to-DC converter, and the propulsion bus DC-to-DC converter responsive to the trigger signal.
8 . The propulsion energy storage control system of claim 7 , wherein the trigger signal comprises at least one of an acceleration signal and a braking signal.
9 . The propulsion energy storage control system of claim 7 , wherein the trigger signal comprises a vehicle location signal.
10 . The propulsion energy storage control system of claim 9 , wherein the controller is configured to compare the vehicle location signal to at least one of a topographic map and a stored vehicle route.
11 . The propulsion energy storage control system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to operate the first energy storage DC-to-DC converter and the second energy storage DC-to-DC converter, such that the first propulsion energy storage subsystem and the second propulsion energy storage subsystem provide unequal power to the energy storage DC bus.
12 . The propulsion energy storage control system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to operate the first energy storage DC-to-DC converter and the second energy storage DC-to-DC converter independently of each other, such that the first propulsion energy storage subsystem, and the second propulsion energy storage subsystem may be electrically coupled to the energy storage DC bus individually or simultaneously.
13 . The propulsion energy storage control system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to operate at least one of the first energy storage DC-to-DC converter and the second energy storage DC-to-DC converter in a frequency range having a normal operating frequency that is at least twice that of the propulsion bus DC-to-DC converter.
14 . A method for controlling a propulsion energy storage in a hybrid electric vehicle, the hybrid electric vehicle having a propulsion DC bus, a first propulsion energy storage subsystem, and a second propulsion energy storage subsystem, the method comprising:
providing an energy storage DC bus, the energy storage bus being separate and distinct from the propulsion DC bus;
providing a propulsion DC bus interface configured to couple the propulsion energy storage control system with the propulsion DC bus;
providing a propulsion bus DC-to-DC converter selectably coupled to and electrically interspersed between the propulsion DC bus interface and the energy storage DC bus;
providing a first energy storage subsystem interface configured to couple the propulsion energy storage control system with the first propulsion energy storage subsystem;
providing a first energy storage DC-to-DC converter selectably coupled to and electrically interspersed between the first energy storage subsystem interface and the energy storage DC bus;
providing a second propulsion energy storage subsystem interface configured to couple the propulsion energy storage control system with the second propulsion energy storage subsystem;
providing a second energy storage DC-to-DC converter selectably coupled to and electrically interspersed between the second propulsion energy storage subsystem interface and the energy storage DC bus;
selectably, electrically coupling the energy storage DC bus and the propulsion DC bus via the propulsion bus DC-to-DC converter;
selectably, electrically coupling the energy storage DC bus and the first propulsion energy storage subsystem via the first energy storage DC-to-DC converter; and,
selectably, electrically coupling the energy storage DC bus and the second propulsion energy storage subsystem via the first energy storage DC-to-DC converter.
15 . The method of claim 14 , further comprising maintaining the energy storage DC bus at an intermediate voltage, the intermediate voltage being lower than that of the propulsion DC bus.
16 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising powering one or more electrical accessories via the energy storage DC bus; and,
wherein the intermediate voltage is a predetermined voltage associated with the operation voltage of the one or more electrical accessories drawing power via the electrical accessory interface.
17 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the first propulsion energy storage subsystem is an ultracapacitor-based energy storage subsystem and the second propulsion energy storage subsystem a battery-based energy storage subsystem, the method further comprising electrically coupling the first propulsion energy storage subsystem to the propulsion DC bus via the first energy storage DC-to-DC converter and via the propulsion bus DC-to-DC converter, while electrically decoupling the second propulsion energy storage subsystem from the energy storage DC bus via the second energy storage DC-to-DC converter.
18 . The method of claim 17 , further comprising subsequently electrically decoupling the first propulsion energy storage subsystem from the propulsion DC bus via the propulsion bus DC-to-DC converter, while electrically coupling the first propulsion energy storage subsystem to the second propulsion energy storage subsystem via the first and the second energy storage DC-to-DC converters.
19 . The method of claim 14 , further comprising electrically coupling or decoupling at least one of the propulsion bus DC-to-DC converter, the first energy storage DC-to-DC converter, and the second energy storage DC-to-DC converter to the energy storage DC bus responsive to a trigger signal;
wherein the trigger signal comprises at least one of an acceleration signal, a braking signal, and a vehicle location signal.
20 . The method of claim 14 , further comprising operating the first energy storage DC-to-DC converter and the second energy storage DC-to-DC converter independently of each other, such that the first propulsion energy storage subsystem, and the second propulsion energy storage subsystem may be electrically coupled to the energy storage DC bus individually or simultaneously.