Brush design for electric motor having commutator
An electric motor has a pair of brushes for transferring power to windings of a wound rotor by making sliding contact with a cylindrical commutator. Each brush has a body with a pair of end surfaces, and a contact surface extending between the end surfaces and configured to slidingly contact a cylindrical circumferential surface of the commutator. The extending direction of the contact surface is inclined relative to the axial direction of the commutator, and the contact surface is V-shaped when viewed in the extending direction thereof.
1. A brush for making electrical contact with a commutator of an electric motor, the commutator having an insulating base, and a plurality of segments circumferentially spaced on an outer surface of the insulating base with a gap between adjacent segments, the brush comprising:
a first end surface;
a second end surface opposite to the first end surface; and
a contact surface extending at least partially between the first and second end surfaces, configured to make sliding contact with a cylindrical circumferential surface of the commutator, and having a circumferential width smaller than total circumferential width of one said segment and one said gap of the commutator so that the contact surface makes contact with at most two adjacent segments of the commutator at any time;
wherein the extending direction of the contact surface is inclined relative to the axial direction of the commutator,
the contact surface is V-shaped when viewed in the extending direction thereof, a middle portion of the contact surface is concaved relative to two opposite side portions of the contact surface; and
the initial contact between the contact surface of the brush and the surface of the commutator are only two point contacts.
2. The brush of claim 1 , wherein the extending direction of the contact surface is inclined relative to the axial direction of the commutator with an angle of 1˜60 degree.
3. The brush of claim 2 , where the inclined angle is between 3 and 10 degrees.
4. The brush of claim 1 , wherein the brush has a pair of grooves formed in opposite surfaces thereof for guiding the brush to the commutator.
5. The brush of claim 1 , wherein the two point contacts are separate and located at the two opposite side portions of the contact surface of the brush in the circumferential direction of the commutator.
6. An electric motor comprising:
a commutator having an insulating base and a plurality of segments circumferentially spaced on an outer surface of the base with a gap between adjacent segments; and
a brush gear comprising at least two brushes for making slide contact with the commutator, comprising:
first and second end surfaces opposite to each other in an axial direction; and
a contact surface extending at least partially between the first and second end surfaces and configured to make sliding contact with the commutator, an extending direction of the contact surface being inclined relative to the axial direction of the commutator, the contact surface being V-shaped when viewed in the axial direction, a middle portion of the contact surface being concaved relative to two opposite side portions of contact surface, the contact surface being configured to be in contact with at most two adjacent segments of the commutator at any time, the initial contact between the contact surface and the commutator being two point contacts.
7. The electric motor of claim 6 , wherein the two point contacts are separate and located at the two opposite side portions of the contact surface of the brush in the circumferential direction of the commutator.