Methods for cloning and manipulating genomes
Compositions and methods are disclosed herein for cloning a donor genome in a heterologous host cell. In one embodiment, the donor genome can be further modified within a host cell. Modified or unmodified genomes can be further isolated from the host cell and transferred to a recipient cell. Methods disclosed herein can be used to alter donor genomes from intractable donor cells in more tractable host cells.
1. A method for cloning a donor genome comprising:
obtaining a donor genome from a bacterial or cyanobacterial or a microalgal donor cell as one or more fragments; and
introducing the donor genome and a yeast host vector into a yeast host cell, wherein the donor genome and the yeast host vector are joined prior to or after introduction of the donor genome and yeast host vector into the yeast host cell;
thereby generating a yeast host cell comprising the donor genome comprising the yeast host vector, and further wherein the donor genome is an essentially intact genome that is at least a minimal genome, and is greater than about 300 kb in length;
propagating the donor genome in the yeast host cell;
performing step a) or b) or c) wherein a), b), and c) comprise:
a) preparing the donor genome for transplantation into a bacterial, cyanobacterial, or microalgal recipient cell by methylating the donor genome;
b) preparing a bacterial or cyanobacterial or microalgal recipient cell by removing or inactivating a restriction endonuclease function present in the recipient cell that cuts the donor genome; and
c) providing a bacterial, cyanobacterial, or microalgal recipient cell lacking a restriction endonuclease function that cuts the donor genome; and
recovering the donor genome comprising the yeast host vector from the host cell and introducing the recovered donor genome comprising the yeast host vector into the recipient cell, wherein the recipient cell supports gene expression from the donor genome,
thereby cloning the donor genome and producing a self-replicating bacterial or cyanobacterial or microalgal recipient cell controlled only by the donor genome;
wherein the donor genome is sufficient to sustain viability and continuous self-replication of the recipient cell.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the donor genome and the yeast host vector are introduced into the yeast host cell simultaneously.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the yeast host vector is joined with the donor genome prior to introduction into the yeast host cell by transforming the yeast host vector into a donor cell containing the donor genome.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the yeast host vector is a centromeric plasmid.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the yeast host vector and the donor genome are joined by homologous recombination.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the donor genome is linearized or fragmented prior to introduction into the yeast host cell.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising modifying the donor genome within the host cell.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising degrading or removing the endogenous genome of the recipient cell.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recovered donor genome is prepared for transplantation into the recipient cell by methylating the donor genome.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recipient cell's restriction endonulease function is absent, removed or inactivated.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising introducing a second donor genome into the host cell, wherein the second donor genome is different from the first donor genome, thereby producing a host cell containing two different donor genomes.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein introducing the second donor genome comprises mating the host cell containing the first donor genome with a second host cell containing the second donor genome.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein introducing the recovered donor genome into the recipient cell phenotypically transforms the recipient cell to a phenotype corresponding to the donor genome incorporating any modifications thereto.
14. The method of claim 7 , further comprising recovering the donor genome comprising the host vector from the host cell.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising introducing the recovered donor genome into a recipient cell.
16. The method of claim 7 , wherein modifying the donor genome comprises one or more modifications selected from the group consisting of: a substitution, a deletion, an insertion, a rearrangement, a recombination, and any combination thereof.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the one or more modifications is not the insertion of a selection marker.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising recovering the modified donor genome comprising the host vector from the host cell.
19. The method of claim 16 , further comprising introducing the recovered donor genome into a recipient cell.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recipient cell is a bacterial cell.
21. The method of claim 1 wherein the donor genome is a synthetic genome.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the donor genome and the yeast host vector are introduced into the yeast host cell sequentially.
23. The method of claim 1 wherein the yeast host cell is Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Saccharomyces pombe.
24. The method of claim 20 wherein the donor genome is a bacterial cell.
25. The method of claim 24 wherein the donor genome is a Mycoplasma genome and the recipient cell is a Mycoplasma cell.