Pyridine compounds

1. A method of inhibiting IL-23 and/or IL-27 production in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein,

R 1 is

R 2 and R 4 are, independently, H, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl, —OR k , —SR k , —NR h R j , hydroxylalkyl, —C(O)R c , —OC(O)R c , —SC(O)R c , —NR k C(O)R c , —C(S)R c , —OC(S)R c , —SC(S)R c , —NR k C(S)R c , —C(NR)R c , —OC(NR)R c , —SC(NR)R c , —NR k C(NR)R c , —SO 2 R c , —S(O)R c , —NR k SO 2 R c , —OS(O) 2 R c , —OP(O)R c R c , —P(O)R c R c , halo, haloalkyl, aminoalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, cyano, nitro, nitroso, azide, an optionally substituted alkylcarbonylalkyl, an optionally substituted cyclyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, an optionally substituted heteroaralkyl, or isothionitro; or R 2 and R 4 taken together are ═O, ═S, or ═NR;

R 3 is an optionally substituted cyclyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, an optionally substituted aryl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl;

R 5 is —H, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, halo, nitro, nitroso, cyano, azido, isothionitro, —OR P or —SR P ; and R P is —H, alkyl, or alkylcarbonyl;

n, for each occurrence, is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7;

X is NH;

Y is O;

Z is N;

W is O;

G is absent; and

one of Q, U and V is N, and the other two are each CR g and each CR g may be the same or different;

wherein:

R, for each occurrence, is independently H, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted cyclyl, an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, an optionally substituted heteroaralkyl, —C(O)R c , —OR k , —SR k , —NR h R j , hydroxylalkyl, nitro, cyano, haloalkyl, aminoalkyl, or —S(O) 2 R c ;

R a is H and R b is optionally substituted aryl;

R c is H, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted alkenyl, an optionally substituted alkynyl, an optionally substituted cyclyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, an optionally substituted heteroaralkyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, haloalkyl, —OR k , —SR k , —NR h R j , hydroxylalkyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, aminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl, sulfonylaryl, or thioalkoxy;

R g , for each occurrence, is independently, H, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted alkenyl, an optionally substituted alkynyl, an optionally substituted cyclyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, an optionally substituted heteroaralkyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, haloalkyl, —OR k , —SR k , —NR h R j , hydroxylalkyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, aminoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl, sulfonylaryl, thioalkoxy, —C(O)R c , —OC(O)R c , —SC(O)R c , —NR k C(O)R c , —C(S)R c , —OC(S)R c , —SC(S)R c , —NR k C(S)R c , —C(NR)R c , —OC(NR)R c , —SC(NR)R c , —NR k C(NR)R c , —SO 2 R c , —S(O)R c , —NR k SO 2 R c , —OS(O) 2 R c , —OP(O)R c R c , —P(O)R c R c , halo, aminoalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, cyano, nitro, nitroso, or azide;

R h and R j , for each occurrence, are independently H, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted alkenyl, an optionally substituted alkynyl, an optionally substituted cyclyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, an optionally substituted heteroaralkyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl; or R h and R j taken together with the N to which they are attached is an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl; and

R k , for each occurrence, is independently H, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted alkenyl, an optionally substituted alkynyl, an optionally substituted cyclyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, an optionally substituted heteroaralkyl, an optionally substituted aryl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising inhibiting T H 1 lymphocyte proliferation.

3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising inhibiting the production of IL-12.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein one of Q, U and V is N, and the other two are independently selected from the group consisting of CH, CF, C(CN), CCI, C(CH 3 ), C(OCH 3 ), C(OCF 3 ), and C(CF 3 ).

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein U is N, and Q and V each are CH.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein R 3 is

wherein

each of A and A′, independently, is O, S, NH or NR Y , wherein R y is lower alkyl;

each of R e and R e′ , independently is H, optionally substituted alkyl, substituted aryl, or substituted heteroaryl; and

m is 1 or 2.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein R b is

wherein

R q is H, halogen, CN, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cyclyl, optionally substituted alkyloxy, optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl, optionally substituted alkyloxycarbonyl, optionally substituted aryloxycarbonyl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkylamino, or alkylaminocarbonyl;

each R r is, independently, H, halogen, NO 2 , CN, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, OR k , OC(O)R k , SO 2 R k , S(O)R k , S(O 2 )NR h R j , SR k , NR k COR k , NR k C(O)OR k , NR k C(O)NR h R j , NR k SO 2 R k , COR k , C(O)OR k , or C(O)NR h R j ; and

z is 0, 1, 2, 3,or 4.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein:

R q is H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxycarbonyl, or halogen;

each R r is, independently, F, CI, CN, methyl, methoxy, ethoxy, —NH 2 , —NHCH 3 , —N(CH 3 ) 2 , —NHCH 2 CH 3 , —N(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 , OC(O)CH 3 , OC(O)C 2 H 5 , C(O)OH, C(O)OC 2 H 5 , C(O)NH 2 , NHC(O)CH 3 , or S(O 2 )NH 2 ;

R i is H, methyl, ethyl, or acetyl, and

z is 0, 1, or 2.

9. The method of claim 7 , wherein one of Q, U and V is N, and the other two are each CH.

10. The method of claim 7 , wherein R 3 is pyridinyl, 1-oxy-pyridinyl, 1H-pyridin-2-one, morpholin-4-yl, 4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl, or 2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of:

N-{2-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethoxy]-6-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-4-yl}-N′-(1H-indol-3-ylmethylene)-hydrazine;

N-{6-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethoxy]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl}-N′-(1H-indol-3-ylmethylene)-hydrazine;

N-{4-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethoxy]-6-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl}-N′-(1H-indol-3-ylmethylene)-hydrazine;

N-{4-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethoxy]-6-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl}-N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazine;

N-{2-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethoxy]-6-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-4-yl}-N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazine;

N-{6-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethoxy]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl}-N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazine;

3-(2-{2-[N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-6-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-4-yloxy}-ethyl)poxazolidin-2-one;

N-[3,5-Difluoro-4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazine;

N-[3,5-Difluoro-2-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-4-yl]-N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazine;

N-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholoine-4-yl-ethoxy)pyridine-2-yl]-hydrazine;

N-(1H-Indol-3-ylmethylene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

N-Methyl-N′(3-methyl-benzylidene)-N-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

3-(2-{2-[N′-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-6-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-4-yloxy}-ethyl)-oxazolidin-2-one;

N-Furan-3-ylmethylene-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

4-Methyl-2-{[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-phenylamine;

N-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-N′-{4-morpholin-4-yl-6-[2-(4-oxy-morpholin-4-yl)-ethoxy]-pyridin-2-yl}-hydrazine;

Dimethyl-(3-{[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-phenyl)-amine;

N-(3-Cyclopropyl-benzylidene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

N-(3-Fluoro-benzylidene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

N-(3-Chloro-benzylidene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

N-(3-Bromo-benzylidene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

N-(3-lodo-benzylidene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

N-(3,4-Dimethyl-benzylidene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

N-(2,5-Dimethyl-benzylidene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

4-Methyl-2-{[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-phenol;

4-Methyl-2-{[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-phenylamine;

Methyl-(4-methyl-2-{[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-phenyl)-amine;

Dimethyl-(4-methyl-2-{[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-phenyl)-amine;

N-Methyl-N-(4-methyl-2-{[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-phenyl)-acetamide;

N-Ethyl-N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-N-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

3-{[4-Morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2]-hydrazonomethyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;

3-{[4-Morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-benzoic acid ethyl ester;

3{[4-Morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-benzoic acid isopropyl ester;

3-{[4-Morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-benzoic acid;

3-{[4-Morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-benzamide;

N-Methyl-3-{[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-benzamide;

N-Cyclopropyl-3-{[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-benzamide;

3-Methyl-5-{[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-benzamide;

3-Hydroxymethyl-5-{[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-benzamide;

N-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-N′-[5-methyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

N-[5-Fluoro-4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazine;

N-[5-Chloro-4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazine;

N-Benzylidene-N′[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

N-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-N′-{6-[2-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl-ethoxy]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl}-hydrazine;

N-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-piperazin-1-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

1-[4-(2-{6-[N′-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yloxy}-ethy)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethanone;

N-{6-[2-(4-Ethyl-piperazin-1-yl-ethoxy]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl}-N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazine;

N-{6-[2-(4-Ethyl-3-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl}-N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazine;

N-{6-[2-(4-Ethyl-2-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl}-N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazine;

N-{6-[2-(2,6-Dimethyl-morpholin-4-yl)-ethoxy]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl}-N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazine;

N-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

N-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

1-(2-{6-[N′-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yloxy}-ethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one;

1-(2-{6-[N′-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yloxy}-ethyl)-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione;

1-(2-{6-[N′-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yloxy}-ethyl)-imidazolidine-2-thione;

1-Methyl-3-(2-{6-[N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yloxy}-ethyl)-imidazolidine-2-thione;

1-(2-{6-[N′-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yloxy}-ethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one;

N-[6-(2-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-yl-ethoxy)-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl]-N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazine;

Dimethylamino-acetic acid 3-{6-[N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl}-propyl ester;

N-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

N-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-thiophen-2-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

N-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-thiazol-5-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

N-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-thiazol-2-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

N-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-N′-{6-[2-(2-methyl-thiazol-5-yl)-ethoxy]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl}-hydrazine;

N-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-N′-{6-[2-(2-methyl-oxazol-5-yl)-ethoxy]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl}-hydrazine;

N-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-N′-{6-[2-(2-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethoxy]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl}-hydrazine;

N-{6-[2-(2,3-Dimethyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethoxy]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl}-N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazine;

N-[6-(2-Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl-ethoxy)-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl]-N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazine;

N-{6-[2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-ethoxy]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl}-N′-(3-methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazine;

1-[3-(2-{6-[N′-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yloxy}-ethyl)-indol-1-yl]-ethanone;

1-[3-(2-{6-[N′-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yloxy}-ethyl)-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-1-yl]-ethanone;

4-(3-{6-[N′-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-4-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yloxy}-propyl)-benzoic acid methyl ester;

N-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-N′-{4-morpholin-4-yl-6-[3-(1-oxy-pyridin-2-yl)-propoxy]-pyridin-2-yl}-hydrazine;

N-[4-Morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-N′-naphthalen-2-ylmethylene-hydrazine;

N-Benzofuran-5-ylmethylene-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

N-Benzo[b]thiophen-5-ylmethylene-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine; and

N-(3-Methyl-benzylidene)-N′-[4-morpholin-4-yl-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-1-oxy-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.