Tandem photovoltaic cell and method using three glass substrate configuration
View Patent ↗A tandem photovoltaic cell device is disclosed including an upper and lower cell. The lower cell may comprise a glass substrate and overlying layers that may include an electrode, absorber, window layer, and a transparent conductive oxide layer. The upper cell may comprise an intermediate glass substrate and overlying layers that may include a transparent conductor, an absorber, a window layer, a second conductive oxide layer, and an upper glass material. The cells may be coupled with an optical coupling material, and edge sealing material may be disposed between the glass substrates for both the upper and lower cells.
1. A tandem photovoltaic cell device comprising:
a lower cell configured for substantial independent operation of an upper cell, the lower cell comprising:
a lower glass substrate material;
a lower electrode layer made of a reflective material overlying the glass material;
a lower absorber layer overlying the lower electrode layer, the absorber layer made of a first semiconductor material having a first band gap energy (Eg) in a range of 0.7 to 1.1 eV;
a lower window layer overlying the lower absorber layer;
a lower transparent conductive oxide layer overlying the lower window layer;
a first optical coupling material comprising first ethylene vinyl acetate overlying the lower transparent conductive oxide layer;
the upper cell coupled to the lower cell, the upper cell comprising:
an intermediary glass substrate material, the intermediary glass substrate material comprising a thickness, a lower surface, and an upper surface, the thickness being about 1.1 millimeter and less, the lower surface being overlying the optical coupling material;
a first upper transparent conductor layer overlying the upper surface of the intermediary glass substrate material;
an upper p type absorber layer overlying the first upper transparent conductor layer, the p type absorber layer made of a second semiconductor material having a second band gap energy (Eg) in a range of 1.5 to 1.9 eV;
an upper n type window layer overlying the upper p type absorber layer;
a second upper transparent conductive oxide layer overlying the upper n type window layer;
a second optical coupling material comprising first ethylene vinyl acetate overlying the second upper transparent conductive oxide layer; and
an upper glass material overlying the upper transparent conductive oxide layer;
a first edge sealing material provided between the lower glass substrate material and the lower surface of the intermediary glass substrate material; and
a second edge sealing material provided between the upper glass material and the upper surface of the intermediary glass substrate material.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the lower absorber layer is made of the semiconductor material selected from Cu 2 SnS 3 , FeS 2 , CuInGaSe 2 , or CuInSe 2 .
3. The device of claim 1 wherein the bottom cell is configured to absorb electromagnetic radiation in a red wavelength range.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein the lower glass substrate material is selected from a float glass or a soda lime glass.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein the lower electrode layer is made of a material selected from aluminum, silver, gold, or molybdenum.
6. The device of claim 1 wherein the lower window layer is made of material selected from an n-type material.
7. The device of claim 1 wherein the lower transparent conductive oxide layer is selected from a transparent indium oxide or a zinc oxide.
8. The device of claim 1 wherein the first upper transparent conductor layer comprises a p+ type transparent conductor layer is selected from a zinc bearing species or ZnO:Al (AZO).
9. The device of claim 1 wherein the first upper transparent conductor layer comprises a p+ type transparent conductor layer comprises a ZnTe species or ZnO:Al (AZO).
10. The device of claim 9 wherein the first upper transparent conductor layer comprises a p+ type transparent conductor layer is doped with at least one or more species selected from Cu, Cr, Mg, O, Al, or N.
11. The device of claim 1 wherein the intermediary glass material comprises a low iron glass.
12. The device of claim 1 wherein the intermediary glass material comprises the thickness of 1 millimeter and less.
13. The device of claim 1 wherein the upper p type absorber layer is selected from CuInS2, Cu(In,Al)S 2 , or Cu(In,Ga)S 2 .
14. The device of claim 1 wherein the upper n type window layer is selected from a cadmium sulfide (CdS), a zinc sulfide (ZnS), zinc selenium (ZnSe), zinc oxide (ZnO), or zinc magnesium oxide (ZnMgO).
15. The device of claim 1 wherein the second upper transparent conductive oxide layer is selected from In 2 O 3 :Sn (ITO), ZnO:Al (AZO), ZnO:B, or SnO 2 :F (TFO).
16. The device of claim 1 wherein the upper glass material comprises a low iron water white glass having a thickness of 2 millimeters and greater.
17. The device of claim 1 wherein the first edge sealing material comprises a first edge tape and the second edge sealing material comprises a second edge tape.