Methods and apparatus to monitor audio/visual content from various sources

1. A method to monitor a media content presentation, the method comprising:

sampling an audio signal to generate a plurality of audio samples;

counting a number of zero crossings associated with the plurality of audio samples;

determining whether the audio signal is muted based on whether the number of zero crossings exceeds a threshold; and

based on whether the audio signal is determined to be muted, using the audio signal to at least one of determine a source of the media content presentation or determine a special operating mode of the source of the media content presentation.

2. A method as defined in claim 1 further comprising determining a volume of the audio signal based on an energy associated with the plurality of audio samples if the number of zero crossings does not exceed the threshold.

3. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the threshold is a first threshold and further comprising determining a volume of the audio signal based on the energy associated with the plurality of audio samples if the number of zero crossings does not exceed the first threshold and the energy exceeds a second threshold.

4. A method as defined in claim 3 further comprising determining that the audio signal is muted if the number of zero crossings exceeds the first threshold and the energy does not exceed the second threshold.

5. A method as defined in claim 1 further comprising determining that the audio signal is muted if the number of zero crossings exceeds the threshold.

6. A method as defined in claim 1 further comprising using the audio signal to determine the source of the media content presentation if the audio signal is determined to not be muted.

7. A method as defined in claim 1 further comprising using the audio signal to determine the special operating mode of the source of the media content presentation if the audio signal is determined to be muted.

8. A method as defined in claim 7 further comprising determining that the special operating mode corresponds to at least one of an audio mute mode, a pause mode or a trick mode if the audio signal is determined to be muted.

9. A method to monitor a media content presentation, the method comprising:

sampling an audio signal to generate a plurality of audio samples;

generating a plurality of transform coefficients associated with the plurality of audio samples;

examining a subset of the plurality of transform coefficients corresponding to a frequency range exceeding a threshold frequency;

determining whether the audio signal is compressed based on a number of transform coefficients substantially equal to zero in the subset of the plurality of transform coefficients; and

determining a source of the media content presentation based on whether the audio signal is determined to be compressed.

10. A method as defined in claim 9 wherein determining whether the audio signal is compressed comprises determining that the audio signal is compressed if the number of transform coefficients exceeds a threshold number.

11. A method as defined in claim 9 further comprising:

determining that the audio signal is compressed according to a first compression format if the number of transform coefficients exceeds a threshold number; and

determining that the audio signal is compressed according to a second compression format if the number of transform coefficients does not exceed the threshold number and the plurality of transform coefficients substantially match a reference frequency characteristic.

12. A method as defined in claim 11 wherein the first compression format corresponds to AC3 audio compression and the second compression format corresponds to MPEG audio compression.

13. A method as defined in claim 9 wherein determining the source of the media content presentation based on whether the audio signal is determined to be compressed comprises:

determining that the source is a digital source if the audio signal is determined to be compressed; and

determining that the source is an analog source if the audio signal is determined to not be compressed.

14. A method to monitor a media content presentation, the method comprising:

sampling a video signal to generate a plurality of video samples corresponding to a video frame;

generating a plurality of interpixel differences associated with the plurality of video samples;

determining a first power spectral density associated with the plurality of interpixel differences;

determining a second power spectral density based on filtering the first power spectral density;

determining whether the video signal is compressed based on a difference between the first power spectral density and the second power spectral density; and

determining a source of the media content presentation based on whether the video signal is determined to be compressed.

15. A method as defined in claim 14 wherein determining whether the video signal is compressed based on the difference between the first power spectral density and the second power spectral density comprises determining that the video signal is compressed if the first power spectral density is substantially different from the second power spectral density.

16. A method as defined in claim 14 wherein determining the second power spectral density based on filtering the first power spectral density comprises processing the first power spectral density with a median filter.

17. A method as defined in claim 14 further comprising determining that the source is a video game presentation if the first power spectral density is substantially equal to the second power spectral density.

18. A method as defined in claim 14 wherein determining the source of the media content presentation based on whether the video signal is determined to be compressed comprises:

determining that the source is a digital source if the video signal is determined to be compressed; and

determining that the source is an analog source if the video signal is determined to not be compressed.