Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Coated Medical Devices
An orthopedic device having a protective coating bonded to the substrate material of the device. The protective coating includes a thin layer of tetrahedral bonded Carbon (ta-C). The substrate also optionally includes an interface layer to facilitate the initial bonding and retention of the ta-C layer. The ta-C layer has a concentration of sp 3 bonded carbon which varies through its thickness, such as varying in individual layers forming the protective coating. The protective coating may also be doped with various materials, either through its thickness, or at either an inner or an outer interface, or both, or include ion diffusion barriers.
1 . An orthopedic implant, comprising:
a polymeric substrate and wherein said substrate includes a contact surface, wherein the contact surface is adapted for contact with bodily tissue or fluids;
an interface layer forming a barrier layer having a thickness of less than 2 μm and wherein said interface layer is bonded to said contact surface; and
a protective coating formed substantially from ta-C bonded to said interface layer and wherein said protective coating as a thickness greater than 2 μm.
2 . The orthopedic implant of claim 1 wherein said protective coating is formed from at least two individual layers of ta-C.
3 . The orthopedic implant of claim 2 further including a third layer inbetween said two individual layers of ta-C.
4 . The orthopedic implant of claim 3 wherein said two individual layers of ta-C have substantially similar ratios of sp 3 to sp 2 bonds.
5 . The orthopedic implant of claim 3 wherein said third layer has a reduced number of sp 3 bond as compared to said two individual layers of ta-C.
6 . The orthopedic implant of claim 2 further including a plurality of additional layers.
7 . The orthopedic implant of claim 1 wherein said substrate includes a textured surface.
8 . The orthopedic implant of claim 1 wherein said protective material in contact with the interface layer has about a 20-30% sp 3 concentration.
9 . An orthopedic implant comprising:
a substrate having a contact surface, wherein the contact surface is adapted for contact with bodily tissue or fluids; and
a protective coating formed from at least three individual layers and wherein at least the two outer layers of said three individual layers of said protective coating are formed from ta-C.
10 . The orthopedic implant of claim 9 wherein said at least two outer layers have similar sp 3 concentrations.
11 . The orthopedic implant of claim 10 wherein said two outer layers have sp3 concentrations within 10% of each other.
12 . The orthopedic implant of claim 9 wherein said at least three individual layers includes a diffusion barrier layer located between said at least two outer layers.
13 . The orthopedic implant of claim 12 wherein the sp 3 concentration of said diffusion barrier layer is different than the sp 3 concentrations of said at least two outer layers.
14 . The orthopedic implant of claim 12 wherein said diffusion barrier layer is a ta-C material including nitrogen dopant.
15 . The orthopedic implant of claim 12 wherein said diffusion barrier layer is an a-C:H layer.
16 . The orthopedic implant of claim 12 wherein said diffusion barrier layer has an sp 3 concentration that is at least 30% less than each of said at least two outer layers.
17 . The orthopedic implant of claim 9 wherein said substrate includes a curved surface and said protective coating varies in thickness across said curved surface.
18 . The orthopedic implant of claim 9 further including an interface layer having a thickness of less than 2 μm.
19 . The orthopedic implant of claim 9 wherein said substrate includes a 3D contoured surface and said protective coating is applied at angles to optimize the sp 3 concentrations across the 3D contoured surface.
20 . The orthopedic implant of claim 9 wherein said protective coating includes a discontinuous surface.
21 . An orthopedic implant comprising:
a substrate;
a protective coating applied to said substrate and wherein said protective coating includes at least two outer layers and an inner layer between said outer layers and wherein one of said outer layers is in contact with said substrate, and wherein said inner layer has an sp 3 concentration that is less than each of said outer layers.
22 . The orthopedic implant of claim 21 wherein said inner layer is primarily an a-C:H material and said outer layers are primarily a ta-C layer.
23 . The orthopedic implant of claim 21 wherein at least one of said outer layers has an intentionally varied thickness.
24 . The orthopedic implant of claim 21 wherein said protective coating has a thickness that is at least 10% greater than its average thickness across at least 30% of the surface of the substrate coated with the protective coating.
25 . The orthopedic implant of claim 21 wherein said protective coating is less than 9 μm average thickness.
26 . The orthopedic implant of claim 21 wherein said inner layer includes a dopant selected from the group consisting essentially of hydrogen and nitrogen.
27 . The orthopedic implant of claim 21 wherein each of said outer layers has an average thickness of less than approximately 4 μm, and said inner layer has an average thickness of approximately less than 2 μm.
28 . The orthopedic implant of claim 21 wherein said inner layer is formed from a-C:X where X is nitrogen or hydrogen or a carbon-free material system such as an oxide.
29 . The orthopedic implant of claim 21 wherein at least one of said outer layers includes a variable thickness and wherein said inner layer has a substantially uniform thickness.
30 . The orthopedic implant of claim 21 wherein each of said outer layers includes a thickness of approximately 1-3 μm and said inner layer includes a thickness of less than 2 μm.