Superoxide dismutase mimics for the treatment of ocular disorders and diseases

1. A method for treating AMD, DR, and/or retinal edema in a patient which comprises administering to the patient in need of such treatment a pharmaceutical composition formulated for intraocular, periocular, or retrobulbar injection or perfusion, wherein the composition comprises a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of formula I:

wherein:

A is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion;

X 1-4 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, aryl, aralkyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryloxy, free or functionally modified hydroxy, and free or functionally modified amino;

Y 1-6 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, free or functionally modified hydroxy, and free or functionally modified amino; and

Z, Z 1 , and Z 2 together can form a cyclohexane, pyridine, or phenyl ring; or

Z is a direct bond, and Z 1 and Z 2 are each a CH 2 group, independently and optionally substituted with aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkoxy, aralkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or acyloxy.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein for the compound of formula I:

A is chloride, bromide, or acetate;

X 1-4 are independently H, fluoro, bromo, chloro, alkyl, or a free or functionally modified hydroxy or amino group;

Y 1-4 are independently H, alkyl, or a free or functionally modified hydroxy; and

Z, Z 1 , and Z 2 together form a cyclohexane, pyridine, or phenyl ring, or

Z is a direct bond, and Z 1 and Z 2 are each a CH 2 group, either unsubstituted or substituted with phenyl, benzyloxy, or an acyloxy group.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises diabasic sodium phosphate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polysorbate 80, and benzalkonium chloride.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises sodium chloride, edentate disodium, and has a pH of 7.4.