Product Recovery From Fermentation of Lignocellulosic Biomass
The present invention is directed to a process of producing ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, which comprises pre-treating a lignocellulosic feedstock to produce a reactive carbohydrate mixture; adding activated carbon in free form; converting said reactive carbohydrate mixture to form a beer; separating solids from said carbohydrate mixture or said beer or both, wherein said activated carbon is separated along with the solids in said mixture, said beer or both; and drying said solids. The invention is also directed to the production of a dried solid fuel to be combusted during said process.
1 . A process of producing ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, which comprises:
pre-treating a lignocellulosic feedstock to produce a reactive carbohydrate mixture;
adding activated carbon in free form;
converting said reactive carbohydrate mixture to form a beer;
separating solids from said carbohydrate mixture or said beer or both,
wherein said activated carbon is separated along with the solids in said mixture, said beer or both; and
drying said solids.
2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein said converting is chemically converting or biologically converting said reactive carbohydrate mixture to form a beer.
3 . The process of claim 1 , which further comprises: separating activated carbon and solids remaining after pre-treating or solids remaining after said biological conversion.
4 . The process of claim 3 , wherein the process of separating said activated carbon and solids is selected from the group consisting of beer column tray separation, paddle dryer apparatus separation, twin screw conveyer separation, rotary valve separation, butterfly valve separation, distillation, centrifuging and combinations thereof.
5 . The process of claim 4 , which further comprises de-watering, drying directly or indirectly, and pressing said activated carbon and solids to form a dried solid cake.
6 . The process of claim 5 , which further comprises combusting said dried solid cake to provide heat during production of said ethanol from said lignocellulosic biomass.
7 . The process of claim 1 , wherein said lignocellulosic biomass is selected from the group consisting of grass, switch grass, cord grass, rye grass, reed canary grass, miscanthus, sugar-processing residues, sugarcane bagasse, agricultural wastes, rice straw, rice hulls, barley straw, corn cobs, cereal straw, wheat straw, canola straw, oat straw, oat hulls, corn fiber, stover, soybean stover, corn stover, forestry wastes, recycled wood pulp fiber, paper sludge, sawdust, hardwood, softwood, and combinations thereof.
8 . The process of claim 1 , wherein said pre-treating is selected from the group consisting of catalytic treatment, acid treatment, alkaline treatment, organic solvent treatment, steam treatment, heat treatment, low-pH treatment, pressure treatment, milling treatment, steam explosion treatment, pulping treatment or white rot fungi treatment and combinations thereof.
9 . The process of claim 8 , wherein the pre-treatment is a combination of steam treatment and heat treatment.
10 . The process of claim 2 , wherein said converting comprises hydrolyzing cellulose and hemi-cellulose; to form monomeric sugars; and fermenting said monomeric sugars to produce ethanol.
11 . The process of claim 10 , wherein said hydrolyzing comprises enzymatically hydrolyzing cellulose and hemi-cellulose to form monomeric sugars.
12 . The process of claim 10 , wherein said hydrolyzing comprises chemically hydrolyzing cellulose and hemi-cellulose to form monomeric sugars.
13 . The process of claim 10 , wherein said fermenting comprises enzymatically fermenting said monomeric sugars to produce ethanol.
14 . The process of claim 10 , wherein said hydrolyzing and fermenting occur concurrently in the same reactor.
15 . The process of claim 10 , wherein hydrolyzing and fermenting are concurrent and occur in the presence of activated carbon in free form.
16 . The process of claim 1 , wherein said activated carbon is granulated or powdered.
17 . The process of claim 5 , wherein said dried solid cake comprises about 1% to about 30% activated carbon.
18 . The process of claim 5 , which further comprises burning said dried solid cake as a fuel, wherein said fuel contains about 1 BTU per kilogram to about 16,500 BTU per kilogram.
19 . The process of claim 1 , whereby the addition of about 1% to about 6% activated carbon in free form increases the amount of ethanol produced by said process about 50% to about 200% in about 24 hours.
20 . The process of claim 5 , wherein said dried solid cake comprises activated carbon, lignin, cellulosic sugars, ethanol, water and combinations thereof.