Nonseparation Assay Methods Using Peroxide Generating Enzymes
Nonseparation assay methods using peroxide generating enzymes in combination with a solid support for analyte detection are disclosed. The present assay methods provide a high degree of sensitivity, are simple and efficient to perform, and are excellent tools for diagnostic and high through-put screening applications.
1 . A method of detecting an analyte in a sample comprising:
(a) contacting said analyte with a solid support conjugate and a first analyte binder conjugate, wherein said first analyte binder conjugate comprises a peroxidase enzyme conjugated to a first analyte binder, and said solid support conjugate comprises a solid support conjugated to a second analyte binder, a peroxide generating enzyme, and a chemiluminescent compound,
(b) allowing said analyte to bind to said first analyte binder and said second analyte binder thereby forming a detectable solid support bound analyte complex;
(c) contacting said detectable solid support bound analyte complex with a peroxide generating enzyme substrate thereby producing a peroxide;
(d) allowing said peroxidase enzyme to react with said peroxide thereby activating said chemiluminescent compound and producing a chemiluminescent signal; and
(e) detecting said chemiluminescent signal thereby detecting said analyte.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said peroxidase enzyme is a horseradish peroxidase enzyme.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein
said peroxide generating enzyme is glucose oxidase, glycollate oxidase, hexose oxidase, cholesterol oxidase, aryl-alcohol oxidase, L-gulonolactone oxidase, galactose oxidase, pyranose oxidase, L-sorbose oxidase, pyridoxine oxidase, alcohol oxidase, L-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase, ecdysome oxidase, choline oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, xanthine oxidase, pyruvate oxidase, oxalate oxidase, glyoxylate oxidase, pyruvate oxidase, D-aspartate oxidase, L-aminoacid oxidase, amine oxidase, pyridoxaminephosphate oxidase, D-glutamate oxidase, ethanolamine oxidase, tyramine oxidase, putrascine oxidase, sarcosine oxidase, N-methylaminoacid oxidase, N-methyl-lysine oxidase, hydroxylnicotine oxidase, nitroethane oxidase, acetyl-indoxyl oxidase, urate oxidase, hydroxylamine oxidase, or sulphite oxidase; and
said peroxide generating enzyme substrate is glucose, glycollate, hexose, cholesterol, aryl-alcohol, L-gulonolactone, galactose, pyranose, L-sorbose, pyridoxine, alcohol, L-2-hydroxy-acid, ecdysome, choline, aldehyde, xanthine, pyruvate, oxalate, glyoxylate, pyruvate, D-aspartate, L-aminoacid, amine, pyridoxaminephosphate, D-glutamate, ethanolamine, tyramine, putrascine, sarcosine, N-methylaminoacid, N-methyl-lysine, hydroxylnicotine, nitroethane, acetyl-indoxyl, urate, hydroxylamine, or sulphite, respectively.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said peroxide generating enzyme is glucose oxidase and said peroxide generating enzyme substrate is glucose.
5 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting said detectable solid support bound analyte complex with a peroxidase enhancer compound in step (c).
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the peroxidase enhancer compound is p-phenylphenol, p-iodophenol, p-bromophenol, p-hydroxycinnamic acid, p-imidazolylphenol, acetaminophen, 2,3,-dichlorophenol, 2-naphthol, or 6-bromo-2-naphthol.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first analyte binder and the second analyte binder are binding proteins.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first analyte binder and the second analyte binder are antibodies.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemiluminescent compound comprises a chemiluminescent acridan moiety.
10 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting said detectable solid support bound analyte complex with a peroxide decomposition agent.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein said peroxide decomposition agent is an enzyme.
12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein said peroxide decomposition agent is a catalase.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein said catalase is present with said detectable solid support bound analyte complex at a concentration of 2 μg/ml.
14 . The method of claim 10 , wherein said contacting said detectable solid support bound analyte complex with said peroxide decomposition agent is performed prior to step (c).
15 . A method of detecting an analyte in a sample comprising:
(a) contacting said analyte with a solid support conjugate and a first analyte binder conjugate, wherein said first analyte binder conjugate comprises a peroxidase enzyme conjugated to a first analyte binder and said first analyte binder is bound to a competition analyte, and said solid support conjugate comprises a solid support conjugated to a second analyte binder, a peroxide generating enzyme, and a chemiluminescent compound,
(b) allowing said analyte and said first analyte binder conjugate to bind competitively to said second analyte binder, wherein the binding of said first analyte binder conjugate to said second analyte binder forms a detectable solid support bound analyte complex;
(c) contacting said detectable solid support bound analyte complex with a peroxide generating enzyme substrate thereby producing a peroxide;
(d) allowing said peroxidase enzyme to react with said peroxide thereby activating said chemiluminescent compound and producing a chemiluminescent signal; and
(e) detecting said chemiluminescent signal thereby detecting said analyte.
16 . A solid support conjugate comprising a solid support conjugated to a chemiluminescent compound, a hydrogen peroxide generating enzyme, and an analyte binder.
17 . The solid support conjugate of claim 16 , wherein said hydrogen peroxide generating enzyme is a glucose oxidase.
18 . The solid support conjugate of claim 16 , wherein the chemiluminescent compound comprises a chemiluminescent acridan moiety.
19 . The solid support conjugate of claim 16 , wherein said chemiluminescent compound has the formula:
wherein
R 1 and R 2 are independently substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl;
R 3 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl or alkylsulfonic acid, wherein R 3 is optionally joined with R 7 or R 8 to form a 5 or 6-membered ring
R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 11 are independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, amino, substituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted carboalkoxy, carboxamide, cyano, or sulfonate, wherein pairs of adjacent groups of R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 11 are optionally joined to form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system;
and wherein at least one of the groups of R 1 to R 11 comprises a linking moiety that links the compound to said solid support.
20 . The solid support conjugate of claim 16 , wherein said analyte binder is an antibody.
21 . A kit for detecting an analyte in a sample comprising:
a. a first analyte binder conjugate comprising a first analyte binder conjugated to a peroxidase enzyme, and
b. a solid support conjugate comprising a solid support conjugated to a second analyte binder, a peroxide generating enzyme, and a chemiluminescent compound.
22 . The kit of claim 21 , further comprising a solution comprising a peroxide generating enzyme substrate.
23 . The kit of claim 22 , wherein said solution further comprises a peroxidase enhancer compound.
24 . The kit of claim 23 , wherein the peroxidase enhancer compound is p-phenylphenol, p-iodophenol, p-bromophenol, p-hydroxycinnamic acid, p-imidazolylphenol, acetaminophen, 2,3,-dichlorophenol, 2-naphthol, or 6-bromo-2-naphthol.
25 . The kit of claim 21 , wherein the chemiluminescent compound comprises a chemiluminescent acridan moiety.
26 . The kit of claim 21 , wherein the first analyte binder and the second analyte binder are antibodies.
27 . The kit of claim 21 , further comprising a solution comprising a peroxide decomposition agent.
28 . The kit of claim 27 , wherein said peroxide decomposition agent is a catalase.
29 . A method of detecting an analyte in a sample comprising:
(a) contacting said sample with a solid support conjugate and an analyte-peroxidase conjugate, wherein said analyte-peroxidase conjugate comprises a peroxidase enzyme conjugated to the analyte or a homolog of the analyte and said solid support conjugate comprises a solid support conjugated to a first analyte binder, a peroxide generating enzyme, and a chemiluminescent compound,
(b) allowing said analyte in said sample and said analyte-peroxidase conjugate to bind competitively to said first analyte binder, wherein the binding of said first analyte binder conjugate to said analyte-peroxidase conjugate forms a detectable solid support bound analyte complex;
(c) contacting said detectable solid support bound analyte complex with a peroxide generating enzyme substrate thereby producing a peroxide;
(d) allowing said peroxidase enzyme to react with said peroxide thereby activating said chemiluminescent compound and producing a chemiluminescent signal; and
(e) detecting said chemiluminescent signal thereby detecting said analyte.