Medical system, apparatus and method
There is provided a method of generating a pulmonary index value of a patient, which includes receiving two or more measured patient parameters, wherein at least one of the measured parameters originates from a pulmonary sensor; and computing the pulmonary index value based on the two or more measured patient parameters.
1. An apparatus for generating an index value indicative of a condition of a patient, said apparatus comprising:
a port adapted to receive two or more measured patient parameters, wherein the measured patient parameters originate from one or more sensing devices; and
processing logic adapted to: (a) characterize a first measured patient parameter based on a comparison of the first measured patient parameter against a first reference value; (b) characterize a second measured patient parameter based on a comparison of the second measured patient parameter against a second reference value; and (c) computing the index value based on values associated with each of the characterized first and second measured parameters, wherein a weighting factor applied to the value associated with the second characterized measured parameter is influenced by the characterization of the first measured patient parameter.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said processing logic is adapted to apply a mathematical model reflecting medical expert considerations, literature, clinical data, medical experience or any combination thereof.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said processing logic is adapted to apply a fuzzy logic, a Bayesian network, a decision tree, a neural network, a radial base function, a linear regression model, a non-linear regression model, an expert system, or any combination thereof.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said processing logic is adapted to average measured patient parameters over a period of time.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the period of time is predetermined.
6. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the period of time is determined based on one or more patient characteristics, on the stability of one or more measured patient parameters, or both.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the two or more measured parameters comprise a CO 2 related parameter and one or more measured parameters selected from the group consisting of: a CO 2 related parameter respiration rate, an O 2 related parameter, heart rate, an electrocardiogram (ECG), an encephalogram (EEG), blood pressure, and spirometry.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the CO 2 related parameter comprises a CO 2 waveform related parameter, an expired air CO 2 concentration, respiratory rate or any combination thereof.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the CO 2 waveform related parameter comprises EtCO 2 , changes in EtCO 2 , a slope of the increase in the CO 2 concentration, a change in a slope of the increase in the CO 2 concentration, time to rise to a predetermined percentage of a maximum value of CO 2 concentration, a change in time to rise to a predetermined percentage of a maximum value of CO 2 concentration, an angle of rise to a predetermined percentage of a maximum value of CO 2 concentration, a change in an angle of rise to a predetermined percentage of a maximum value of CO 2 concentration, breath to breath correlation, breath to breath correlation, a CO 2 duty cycle, a change in CO 2 duty cycle or any combination thereof.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said processing logic is adapted to apply a learning process, wherein the learning process increases reliability of the index value.
11. The apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein the learning process comprises neural network methods, a support vector machine (SVM), genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, expectation-maximization (EM), case based reasoning, or any combination thereof.
12. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said processing logic is further adapted to compute the index value based on the two or more measured patient parameters and on one or more patient characteristics.
13. The apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein the one or more patient characteristics comprises age, weight, gender, medical condition, medication, ventilation, oxygen supply, lab tests results, blood pressure, medical history, intubation or any combination thereof.
14. The apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein the medical history comprises smoking, heart disease, lung disease, sleep apnea, a pacemaker, or any combination thereof.
15. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the index-value is in the range of 1 to 10.
16. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein an increase in the index value is indicative of an improvement in the condition of the patient.
17. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a decrease in the index value is indicative of a deterioration in the condition of the patient.
18. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said processing logic is adapted to determine the index-value according to a medical significance of at least one of the parameters.
19. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said processing logic is further adapted to compute a trend of the index-value.
20. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said processing logic is further adapted to compute a reliability index of the index-value.
21. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said processing logic is further adapted to provide a medical recommendation.
22. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a graphic display of the index value.
23. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a controller adapted to adjust at least one parameter related to a patient controlled analgesia (PCA) pump, a dosage management device, a ventilation device or any combination thereof.
24. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the index value is a pulmonary index value.