Radiation detection

1. An instrument for detecting radiation, the instrument comprising:

i) an inner core comprising a neutron detector;

ii) an outer core comprising a neutron-moderating material, said outer core having an external surface; and

iii) a plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides having an inner end and an outer end, wherein said plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides are arranged in a substantially symmetrical pattern in the outer core, and wherein:

(a) the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides extend in a direction from the external surface of the outer core to the neutron detector and, in use, channel thermal neutrons towards the neutron detector,

(b) the inner ends of the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides are proximal to the neutron detector, and

(c) the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides are configured for channeling thermal neutrons from outside of the device to the neutron detector along the thermal neutron guides from the outer ends to the inner ends, and then to the neutron detector.

2. An instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the neutron-moderating material comprises a hydrogen-containing material.

3. An instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the inner ends of the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides and the neutron detector are separated by a maximum distance of less than 20 mm or less than 15 mm.

4. An instrument according to claim 3 , wherein the outer core further comprises one or more different material arranged as a layer within the outer core.

5. An instrument according to claim 4 , wherein said one or more different material is a neutron-attenuating material.

6. An instrument according to claim 5 , wherein:

(i) the neutron-attenuating material substantially surrounds the inner core, and/or

(ii) the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides are substantially free of neutron-attenuating material, and/or

(iii) the inner core consists of a neutron detector.

7. An instrument according to claim 4 , wherein said one or more different material is boron or a boron-containing material.

8. An instrument according to claim 4 , wherein said one or more different material is sandwiched between first and second neutron-moderating material layers.

9. An instrument according to claim 4 , wherein said one or more different material substantially surrounds the inner core.

10. An instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides extend to the external surface of the outer core.

11. An instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides extend to the inner core.

12. An instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides contact the neutron detector.

13. An instrument according to claim 1 , wherein:

(i) the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides are substantially free of the neutron-moderating material, and/or

(ii) the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides are substantially free of hydrogen-containing solid material, and/or

(iii) the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides are substantially free of boron-containing material, and/or

(iv) the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides extend in a radial direction from the inner core towards the external surface of the outer core, and/or

(v) the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides have a line-of-sight along their length.

14. An instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides comprise or consist of a solid.

15. An instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides comprise or consist of a metal.

16. An instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides comprise or consist of a metal selected from the group comprising aluminum, copper, and lead.

17. An instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides comprise a fluid.

18. An instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides comprise or consist of air, a vacuum, or a partial vacuum.

19. An instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the traverse (radial) cross-sectional areas of the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides are substantially the same along their length.

20. An instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the traverse (radial) cross-sectional areas of the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides are not the same along their length.

21. An instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the traverse (radial) cross-sectional areas of the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides are greater for a portion of the guides located towards the external surface of the outer core than for a portion of the guides located towards the inner core.

22. An instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides terminate in a concave end.

23. An instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides include a protective terminal end, which prevents debris from entering the guides.

24. An instrument according to claim 23 , wherein the protective terminal end comprises a plug, or is a continuation of the wall(s) of the plurality of elongate thermal neutron guides, or is a continuation of the outer core.

25. An instrument according to claim 23 , wherein the protective terminal end comprises a neutron-moderating material or a material transparent to thermal neutrons.

26. A method of detecting radiation using an instrument according to claim 1 , wherein said method comprises contacting the instrument with neutrons, generating one or more signals following contact between the neutrons and neutron detector, and detecting said one or more signals.

27. A method according to claim 26 , wherein said neutrons comprise thermal neutrons that are channeled towards the neutron detector by at least one elongate thermal neutron guide.

28. A method according to claim 26 , wherein said neutrons comprise non-thermal neutrons.

29. A method according to claim 26 , for enhancing the detection of thermal neutrons incident on an instrument that includes a neutron detector, said method comprising channeling thermal neutrons along at least one elongate thermal neutron guide, wherein the at least one elongate thermal neutron guide has an inner end positioned within 20 mm of the neutron detector, followed by detection thereof by the neutron detector.

30. A method according to claim 26 , wherein the thermal neutrons have a mean energy of 25.3 meV at room temperature.

31. A method according to claim 26 , wherein the instrument simultaneously detects high energy neutrons.