Method for operating a once-through steam generator and forced-flow steam generator

1. A method for operating a once-through steam generator including an evaporator heating surface, comprising:

supplying a device for setting the supply water mass flow with a target value for the supply water mass flow;

calculating the target value using a ratio of a current heat flow transferred in the evaporator heating surface from a hot gas to a flow medium to a predetermined target enthalpy increase of the flow medium in the evaporator heating surface with respect to a desired live steam state wherein the predetermined target enthalpy increase takes into consideration an actual enthalpy at an evaporator heating surface inlet which is determined using a temperature and a pressure, respectively measured using a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor at the evaporator heating surface inlet;

determining the heat flow transferred from the hot gas to the flow medium by taking into account a specific temperature characteristic for the current temperature of the hot gas at the evaporator heating surface inlet and a specific mass flow characteristic for a current mass flow of the hot gas, and

wherein the ratio is created using a division element including as a numerator the current heat flow transferred in the evaporator heating surface from the hot gas to the flow medium and as a denominator the predetermined target enthalpy increase of the flow medium in the evaporator heating surface with respect to the desired live steam state.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1 ,

wherein a first current measured value is used for the specific temperature characteristic, and

wherein a second current measured value is used for the specific mass flow characteristic.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the heat flow transferred from the hot gas to the flow medium is determined on the basis of an enthalpy difference of the hot gas between the heating surface evaporator inlet and an evaporator heating surface outlet.

4. The method as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the enthalpy difference of the hot gas is modified for determining the heat flow transferred from the hot gas to the flow medium by a characteristic correction value for the heat input or output into a plurality of evaporator heating surface components.

5. The method as claimed in claim 3 , wherein a current enthalpy of the hot gas at the evaporator heating surface outlet is determined on the basis of the pressure of the flow medium at the evaporator heating surface inlet and taking into account the specific mass flow characteristic.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the target enthalpy increase of the flow medium in the evaporator heating surface is predetermined by taking into account a current pressure of the flow medium at the evaporator heating surface outlet.

7. The method as claimed in claim 6 , wherein in the predetermining of the target enthalpy increase of the flow medium at the evaporator heating surface outlet, a current cooling requirement at a plurality of injection coolers connected downstream from the evaporator heating surface is taken into account.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein for the target value a fill level correction value is taken into account which characterizes a first deviation of an actual state of the fill level in a water reservoir connected downstream from the evaporator heating surface from an assigned target value.

9. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein an enthalpy correction value is taken into account for the target value, which characterizes a second deviation of a current level of the enthalpy at the evaporator heating surface outlet from the assigned target value.