Methods, systems and devices for non-invasive open ventilation for providing ventilation support
A system for providing ventilation support to a patient may include a ventilator, a control unit, a gas delivery circuit with a proximal end in fluid communication with the ventilator and a distal end in fluid communication with a nasal interface, and a nasal interface. The nasal interface may include at least one jet nozzle at the distal end of the gas delivery circuit; and at least one spontaneous respiration sensor for detecting respiration in communication with the control unit. The system may be open to ambient. The control unit may receive signals from the at least one spontaneous respiration sensor and determine gas delivery requirements. The ventilator may deliver gas at a velocity to entrain ambient air and increase lung volume or lung pressure above spontaneously breathing levels to assist in work of breathing, and deliver ventilation gas in a cyclical delivery pattern synchronized with a spontaneous breathing pattern.
1. A system for providing ventilation support to a patient via a nostril, the system comprising:
a pressurized gas source;
a gas delivery circuit; and
a nasal interface adapted to communicate with the patient's nostril while allowing the patient to spontaneously breathe ambient air, the nasal interface comprising:
an outer tube adapted for at least partial insertion in the patient's nostril, the outer tube having an inlet open to ambient air, an outlet, and a jet pump throat between the inlet and the outlet, the outer tube defining a transition region between the inlet and the jet pump throat having a constantly tapering internal diameter from the inlet to the jet pump throat; and
a jet nozzle in fluid communication with the pressurized gas source via the gas delivery circuit and being disposed concentrically through the inlet and at least partially into the outer tube such that ambient air may flow into the inlet around the periphery of the jet nozzle, the jet nozzle having a distal tip positioned within the transition region, the nozzle and the outer tube together defining an entrainment chamber having an annular cross-section between the nozzle and the outer tube;
wherein the jet nozzle delivers gas from the pressurized gas source to create a positive pressure area between the jet pump throat and the outlet and a negative pressure area in the entrainment chamber for entraining ambient air through the outer tube;
wherein the combination of gas delivered by the jet nozzle and air entrained through the outer tube provides ventilatory support.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the outer tube is dimensioned to be smaller than the patient's nostril to enable the patient to spontaneous breathe ambient air around the outside of the outer tube.
3. A method for providing ventilation support to a patient, the method comprising:
providing a pressurized gas source;
providing a gas delivery circuit;
providing a nasal interface adapted to communicate with the patient's nostril while allowing the patient to spontaneously breathe ambient air, the nasal interface comprising:
an outer tube adapted for at least partial insertion in the patient's nostril, the outer tube having an inlet open to ambient air, an outlet, and a jet pump throat between the inlet and the outlet, the outer tube defining a transition region between the inlet and the jet pump throat having a constantly tapering internal diameter from the inlet to the jet pump throat; and
a jet nozzle in fluid communication with the pressurized gas source via the gas delivery circuit and being disposed through the inlet and at least partially into the outer tube such that ambient air may flow into the inlet around the periphery of the jet nozzle, the jet nozzle having a distal tip positioned within the transition region, the nozzle and the outer tube together defining an entrainment chamber having an annular cross-section between the nozzle and the outer tube; and
delivering gas from the pressurized gas source through the jet nozzle to create a positive pressure area between the jet pump throat and the outlet and a negative pressure area in the entrainment chamber for entraining ambient air through the outer tube, the combination of gas delivered through the jet nozzle and air entrained through the outer tube providing ventilatory support.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the outer tube is curved or angled to match an angle of the patient's nostril.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein an inner diameter of the outlet of the outer tube is wider than an inner diameter of the jet pump throat such that the outlet functions as a diffuser.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the diffuser creates a laminar gas flow exit profile.
7. The system of claim 5 , wherein the diffuser improves efficiency and overall power of the system.
8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the outer tube is dimensioned to be smaller than the patient's nostril to enable the patient to spontaneous breathe ambient air around the outside of the outer tube.
9. The method of claim 3 , wherein the outer tube is curved or angled to match an angle of the nostril.
10. The method of claim 3 , wherein an inner diameter of the outlet of the outer tube is wider than an inner diameter of the jet pump throat such that the outlet functions as a diffuser.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the diffuser creates a laminar gas flow exit profile.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the diffuser improves efficiency and overall power of the provided nasal interface.