POSITIVE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR A LEAD-ACID BATTERY
Positive active material pastes for flooded deep discharge lead-acid batteries, methods of making the same, and lead-acid batteries including the same are provided. The positive active material paste includes a lead compound, a carbon additive, and a silicon additive. The positive active material paste contains carbon additive at a lead to carbon additive weight ratio of 90 to 1900 and a silicon additive at a lead to silicon additive weight ratio of 200 to 4100.
1 . A lead-acid rechargeable battery comprising:
at least one negative plate;
at least one positive plate comprising:
a positive electrode grid made of a lead-antimony alloy; and
a positive paste comprising a lead compound, a carbon additive, and a silicon additive; and
an electrolyte.
2 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the carbon additive is graphite.
3 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the positive paste has a lead to carbon additive weight ratio of 90 to 1900.
4 . The battery of claim 3 , wherein the lead to carbon additive weight ratio is about 475.
5 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the silicon additive is fumed silica.
6 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the positive paste has a lead to silicon additive weight ratio of 200 to 4100.
7 . The battery of claim 6 , wherein the lead to silicon additive weight ratio is about 1020.
8 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the positive paste further comprises a metal or a metal oxide, wherein the metal or metal oxide is a metal or metal oxide other than lead or lead oxide.
9 . The battery of claim 8 , wherein the metal or metal oxide is tin.
10 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the positive paste has a lead to carbon additive weight ratio of 90 to 1900 and a lead to silicon additive weight ratio of 200 to 4100.
11 . The battery of claim 10 , wherein the carbon additive is graphite and the silicon additive is fumed silica.
12 . A lead-acid rechargeable battery comprising:
at least one negative plate;
at least one positive plate comprising:
a positive electrode grid made of a lead-antimony alloy; and
a positive paste comprising a lead compound, graphite, and fumed silica; and
an electrolyte.
13 . The lead-acid battery of claim 12 , wherein the positive paste has a lead to graphite weight ratio of 90 to 1900 and a lead to fumed silica weight ratio of 90 to 1900.
14 . The lead-acid battery of claim 13 , wherein the lead to graphite ratio is about 475 and the lead to fumed silica weight ratio is about 1020.
15 . A lead-acid rechargeable battery comprising, prior to formation:
at least one negative plate;
at least one positive plate comprising:
a positive electrode grid made of a lead-antimony alloy; and
a positive paste comprising lead oxide, a carbon additive, and a silicon additive; and
an electrolyte.
16 . The battery of claim 15 , wherein the carbon additive is present at from 0.05 to 1.0 wt % based on the weight of the lead oxide on a dry basis.
17 . The battery of claim 16 , wherein the carbon additive is present at about 0.2 wt % based on the weight of the lead oxide on a dry basis.
18 . The battery of claim 15 , wherein the silicon additive is present at from 0.05 to 1.0 wt % based on the weight of the lead oxide on a dry basis.
19 . The battery of claim 18 , wherein the silicon additive is present at about 0.2 wt % based on the weight of the lead oxide on a dry basis.
20 . The battery of claim 15 , wherein the carbon additive is graphite and the graphite is present at 0.2 wt % based on the weight of the lead oxide on a dry basis, and the silicon additive is fumed silica and the fumed silica is present at 0.2 wt % based on the weight of the lead oxide on a dry basis.