Fixed-bed hydrosilylation catalyst complexes and related methods
View Patent ↗The invention includes a fixed-bed catalyst complex that includes (i) a metal carbene catalyst, wherein the metal is platinum, and (ii) a catalyst support that includes one or more of silica, alumina and/or glass. The invention provides a fixed-bed catalyst complex that includes a catalyst complex including a carbene chosen from those represented by at least one of Formulae (I), (II), (III), and (IV): Where the vales of X and R 1 to R 7 are specifically defined. The complex also includes a catalyst support that comprises silica, related reaction products, and related reaction systems.
1. A fixed-bed catalyst complex comprising:
a catalyst comprising a carbene chosen from those represented by at least one of Formulae (I), (II), (III), and (IV):
wherein, in any of the Formulae I-IV, n is independently an integer of 0 to 2, and: X is independently chosen from a chlorine atom; the group OR 4 , wherein R 4 is independently chosen from a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and the group NR 5 2 , wherein R 5 is independently chosen from a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms;
R 1 and R 3 are each independently chosen from a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R 2 is independently chosen from a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and R 3 —Si(R 1 )—X 3-N , wherein X is independently chosen from: a chlorine atom; the group OR 4 , and the group NR 5 2 , wherein each of R 1 , R 4 , and R 5 is independently chosen from a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R 6 and R 7 , are independently chosen from a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and a catalyst support that comprises silica.
2. The complex according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of X is OR 4 and R 4 is independently chosen from a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
3. The complex according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of X is NR 5 2 , and R 5 is independently chosen from an aryl group, a phenyl group, and a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
4. The complex according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is independently chosen from a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
5. The complex according to claim 1 , wherein R 3 is independently chosen from a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
6. The complex according to claim 1 , wherein R 2 is independently chosen from an aryl group, a phenyl group and a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
7. The complex according to claim 1 , wherein R 2 is chosen from a methyl group; an ethyl group; n-propyl; n-butyl; isopropyl; cyclohexyl; tent-butyl; neohexyl; phenyl; 2,4-dimethylphenyl; 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl; and 2,6-diisopropylphenyl.
8. The complex according to claim 1 , wherein R 6 is independently chosen from a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
9. The complex according to claim 1 , wherein R 7 is independently chosen from an aryl group, a phenyl group and a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
10. The complex according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst support further includes an additional material chosen from alumina and glass.
11. The complex according to claim 1 , wherein the silica is a precipitated silica.
12. The complex according to claim 1 , wherein the silica has a BET surface area of about 300 to about 800 m 2 g.
13. The complex according to claim 1 , wherein the silica has a mesh value of about 100 to about 800.
14. The complex according to claim 1 , wherein the silica has a mesh value of about 200 to about 400.