HALF-DUPLEX RFID TRANSPONDER AND A METHOD OF OPERATING A HALF-DUPLEX RFID TRANSPONDER
A half-duplex RFID transponder with an integrated three-dimensional front-end circuit which includes three LC resonant circuits arranged in a three-dimensional configuration. Each LC resonant circuit is coupled to a different one of three storage capacitors which are charged during a capacitor charging phase by energy in an RF signal received by the associated LC resonant circuit. The front-end circuit includes three receiver channels and each receiver channel is associated to a different one of the three LC resonant circuits. A channel selector is adapted to detect, which one of the three storage capacitors is first charged to a threshold voltage, to select the receiver channel associated to the LC resonant circuit which is coupled to the storage capacitor which is first charged and to deactivate the two other receiver channels. A method of operating a half-duplex RFID transponder with three LC resonant circuits arranged in a three-dimensional configuration with each LC resonant circuit coupled to a different storage capacitor which is charged during a capacitor charging phase by energy in an RF signal received by the associated LC resonant circuit. Three receiver channels are associated to the three LC resonant circuits. The method includes monitoring the charge level of each of the three storage capacitors, detecting which storage capacitor is first charged to a threshold voltage, selecting the receiver channel associated to the first charged storage capacitor and deactivating the two other receiver channels.
1 . A half-duplex RFID transponder with an integrated three-dimensional front-end circuit, the RFID transponder comprising three LC resonant circuits arranged in a three-dimensional configuration, each LC resonant circuit being coupled to a different one of three storage capacitors which are charged during a capacitor charging phase by energy comprised in an RF signal received by the associated LC resonant circuit,
the front-end circuit comprising:
three receiver channels, each receiver channel being associated to a different one of the three LC resonant circuits;
a channel selector which is adapted to detect, which one of the three storage capacitors is first charged to a threshold voltage,
to select the receiver channel associated to the LC resonant circuit which is coupled to the storage capacitor which is first charged, and
to deactivate the two other receiver channels.
2 . The transponder according to claim 1 , wherein the storage capacitors of the two deactivated receiver channels are discharged and the RF signals received by the two deactivated receiver channels are damped.
3 . The transponder according to claim 1 , wherein each storage capacitor is connected with a first terminal to the associated LC resonant circuit and with a second terminal to ground, the channel selector comprising:
three FET transistors, one associated to each of the receiver channels, wherein the drain of each FET transistor is connected to the first terminal of the associated storage capacitor, the source of each FET transistor is connected to ground and the gate of each FET transistor is connected decoupled to the first terminals of the two other storage capacitors of the two other receiver channels.
4 . The transponder according to claim 1 , the front-end circuit further comprises:
a single end-of-burst detector a supply input of which is connectable decoupled to all three storage capacitors and is connected automatically to the storage capacitor which is first charged to the threshold voltage.
5 . The transponder according to claim 4 , wherein the single end-of-burst detector comprises an output and each receiver channel comprises a clock regenerator with a first input connected to the first terminal of the associated storage capacitor and a second input of each clock regenerator connected to the output of the end-of-burst detector.
6 . The transponder according to claim 1 , having an asymmetrical input stage, the three storage capacitors being external to the front-end circuit and the front-end circuit being adapted to be connected to the three storage capacitors.
7 . The transponder according to claim 6 , wherein the channel selector comprises three further FET transistors, one associated to each of the receiver channels, wherein the drain of each FET transistor is connected to the associated LC resonant circuit, the source of each FET transistor is connected to ground and the gate of each FET transistor is connected to the first terminals of the two other storage capacitors of the two other receiver channels.
8 . The transponder according to claim 1 , having a symmetrical input stage, wherein the three storage capacitors are integrated in the circuit and the front-end circuit being further adapted to be connected to a fourth storage capacitor which is connectable in parallel to all three integrated storage capacitors and which is connected automatically to the storage capacitor which is first charged to the threshold voltage.
9 . The transponder according to claim 2 , wherein each storage capacitor is connected with a first terminal to the associated LC resonant circuit and with a second terminal to ground, the channel selector comprising:
three FET transistors, one associated to each of the receiver channels, wherein the drain of each FET transistor is connected to the first terminal of the associated storage capacitor, the source of each FET transistor is connected to ground and the gate of each FET transistor is connected decoupled to the first terminals of the two other storage capacitors of the two other receiver channels.
10 . The transponder according to claim 2 , the front-end circuit further comprises:
a single end-of-burst detector a supply input of which is connectable decoupled to all three storage capacitors and is connected automatically to the storage capacitor which is first charged to the threshold voltage.
11 . The transponder according to claim 3 , the front-end circuit further comprises:
a single end-of-burst detector a supply input of which is connectable decoupled to all three storage capacitors and is connected automatically to the storage capacitor which is first charged to the threshold voltage.
12 . The transponder according to claim 2 , having an asymmetrical input stage, the three storage capacitors being external to the front-end circuit and the front-end circuit being adapted to be connected to the three storage capacitors.
13 . The transponder according to claim 3 , having an asymmetrical input stage, the three storage capacitors being external to the front-end circuit and the front-end circuit being adapted to be connected to the three storage capacitors.
14 . The transponder according to claim 4 , having an asymmetrical input stage, the three storage capacitors being external to the front-end circuit and the front-end circuit being adapted to be connected to the three storage capacitors.
15 . The transponder according to claim 5 , having an asymmetrical input stage, the three storage capacitors being external to the front-end circuit and the front-end circuit being adapted to be connected to the three storage capacitors.
16 . The transponder according to claim 2 , having a symmetrical input stage, wherein the three storage capacitors are integrated in the circuit and the front-end circuit being further adapted to be connected to a fourth storage capacitor which is connectable in parallel to all three integrated storage capacitors and which is connected automatically to the storage capacitor which is first charged to the threshold voltage.
17 . The transponder according to claim 3 , having a symmetrical input stage, wherein the three storage capacitors are integrated in the circuit and the front-end circuit being further adapted to be connected to a fourth storage capacitor which is connectable in parallel to all three integrated storage capacitors and which is connected automatically to the storage capacitor which is first charged to the threshold voltage.
18 . The transponder according to claim 4 , having a symmetrical input stage, wherein the three storage capacitors are integrated in the circuit and the front-end circuit being further adapted to be connected to a fourth storage capacitor which is connectable in parallel to all three integrated storage capacitors and which is connected automatically to the storage capacitor which is first charged to the threshold voltage.
19 . The transponder according to claim 5 , having a symmetrical input stage, wherein the three storage capacitors are integrated in the circuit and the front-end circuit being further adapted to be connected to a fourth storage capacitor which is connectable in parallel to all three integrated storage capacitors and which is connected automatically to the storage capacitor which is first charged to the threshold voltage.
20 . A method of operating a half-duplex RFID transponder with three LC resonant circuits arranged in a three-dimensional configuration, each LC resonant circuit being coupled to a different one of three storage capacitors which are charged during a capacitor charging phase by energy comprised in an RF signal received by the associated LC resonant circuit, and with three receiver channels associated to the three LC resonant circuits, the method comprising:
monitoring the charge level of each of the three storage capacitors;
detecting which storage capacitor is first charged to a threshold voltage;
selecting the receiver channel associated to the LC resonant circuit which is coupled to the storage capacitor which is first charged; and
deactivating the two other receiver channels.