Brown adipose tissue utilization through neuromodulation
Methods and devices for improved neurostimulation to treat obesity. Some methods include measuring temperature increases in Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) during intraoperative test stimulations to determine the proper nerve electrode placement for implantation. Methods can include determining the side of the patient having the most BAT, and stimulating preferentially on that right or left side. The BAT maybe used to burn fat by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system innervating the BAT deposits.
1. A method for placing an electrode for stimulating a sympathetic nerve for the purpose of inducing weight loss, the method comprising:
in a human patient having a back with an amount of brown adipose tissue located in the back and the human patient further having a sympathetic nervous system, determining the amount of brown adipose tissue (BAT) that the patient has located at each of the right side of the back of the patient and the left side of the back of the human;
selecting the greater amount side; and
preferentially stimulating the sympathetic nervous system on the selected side.
2. The method of claim 1 and further comprising visualizing the BAT in the patient using a positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
3. The method of claim 1 in which the determining includes using a positron emission tomography (PET) scan while the patient is at a lower than 68 degrees F.
4. The method of claim 2 in which visualizing includes using the PET scan while the patient is at a lower than 68 degrees F.
5. The method of claim 1 and further comprising visualizing the BAT in the patient using an infra red image.
6. The method of claim 1 , in which the determining includes determining the temperatures of BAT on the right and left side and selecting the side with the higher temperature.
7. The method of claim 6 , in which the determining includes inserting a subcutaneous temperature probe in at least some of the BAT.
8. The method of claim 1 , in which the electrode is placed on a splanchnic nerve.
9. The method of claim 1 , in which the electrode is placed along the sympathetic chain.