System for determining performance characteristics of a golf swing

1. An instrumented golf club comprising:

a club head configured to be operatively connected to a shaft;

an array of electromagnetic sensors configured to receive electromagnetic radiation reflected from a golf ball, wherein the array of electromagnetic sensors are located on the club head; and

an antenna comprising a ferrule configured to connect the club head to the shaft of the golf club for transmitting swing data to a portable computer device.

2. The instrumented golf club of claim 1 , further including a module configured to measure a Doppler frequency shift of the electromagnetic radiation reflected from the golf ball.

3. The instrumented golf club of claim 2 , further comprising:

a processor in operative communication with the module configured to measure the Doppler frequency shift;

computer-readable medium comprising computer-executable instructions that when executed by the processor perform:

measuring a phase shift of electromagnetic signals reflected from a golf ball;

based upon the measured phase shift, determining the location of the club head just prior to impact of the club head and the golf ball.

4. The instrumented golf club of claim 1 , wherein at least one electromagnetic sensor of the electromagnetic array is located on an outer perimeter of the club head.

5. The instrumented golf club of claim 1 , further comprising:

an electromagnetic radiation source located within the club head and configured to emit electromagnetic radiation that is reflectable from a golf ball.

6. The instrumented golf club of claim 5 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation source comprises one or more of the sensors in the array of electromagnetic sensors configured to receive electromagnetic radiation reflected from a golf ball.

7. The instrumented golf club of claim 1 , further comprising:

an electromagnetic radiation source located on an outer portion the club head and configured to emit electromagnetic radiation that is reflectable from a golf ball.

8. The instrumented golf club of claim 7 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation source comprises one or more of the sensors in the array of electromagnetic sensors configured to receive electromagnetic radiation reflected from a golf ball.

9. The instrumented golf club of claim 1 , further comprising:

a processor in operative communication with the array, the processor configured to measure at least one swing parameter from the golf club, wherein the at least one swing parameter is selected from the group consisting of: club head speed, an impact location, and combinations thereof.

10. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising computer-executable instructions that when executed by a processor perform:

receiving electromagnetic radiation reflected from a golf ball at an array of electromagnetic sensors positioned at a club head of a golf club, wherein the array of electromagnetic sensors are located on the club head and communicate with an antenna comprising a ferrule configured to connect the club head to a shaft of the golf club, and configured to transmit swing data to a portable computer device.

11. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 10 , the instructions further comprising:

measuring a Doppler frequency shift of the electromagnetic radiation reflected from the golf ball.

12. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 11 , the instructions further comprising:

based upon the measured phase shift, determining the location of the club head just prior to impact of the club head and the golf ball.

13. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 10 , the instructions further comprising:

determining at least one swing parameter of the golf club from the signals reflected from the golf ball, wherein the at least one swing parameter is selected from the group consisting of: club head speed, an impact location, and combinations thereof.

14. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 13 , the instructions further comprising:

transmitting the electromagnetic radiation from one or more of the sensors in the array of electromagnetic sensors.

15. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 14 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation is transmitted at about a 2 Ghz frequency.

16. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 10 , the instructions further comprising:

determining a first location of the club head just prior to a back swing;

determining a second location of the club head just prior to impact with the golf ball; and

calculating a swing tempo by determining an elapsed time from a time the club head was at the first location to a time the club head was at the second location.

17. A golf club comprising:

a shaft; and

a club head operatively connected to the shaft and comprising:

a source of electromagnetic radiation configured to be reflected from a golf ball towards the club head; and

an array of electromagnetic sensors configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation reflected from the golf ball, wherein a weight of the source of electromagnetic radiation and the array of electromagnetic sensors does not change a balance or a location of a center of gravity of the golf club, and further wherein the array of electromagnetic sensors are located on the club head and communicate with an antenna comprising a ferrule configured to connect the club head to the shaft of the golf club, and for transmitting swing data to a portable computer device.

18. The golf club of claim 17 , wherein at least one sensor of the array comprises the source of electromagnetic radiation.

19. The golf club of claim 17 , wherein at least one electromagnetic sensor of the electromagnetic array is located at a location selected from the group consisting of:

an outer perimeter of the club head, within the club head, and combinations thereof.