Gas turbine energy storage and conversion system
The present invention combines the principles of a gas turbine engine with an electric transmission system. A method and apparatus are disclosed for utilizing metallic and ceramic elements to store heat energy derived from a regenerative braking system. The subject invention uses this regenerated electrical energy to provide additional energy storage over conventional electrical storage methods suitable for a gas turbine engine. The subject invention provides engine braking for a gas turbine engine as well as reducing fuel consumption.
1. A method, comprising:
receiving electrical energy from a regenerative braking system;
converting at least a portion of the received electrical energy into thermal energy;
transferring, directly and/or indirectly, the thermal energy to a pressurized working fluid to form a heated pressurized working fluid;
introducing the heated pressurized working fluid into at least one turbine to propel a vehicle; and
wherein the converting step is performed within a pressure boundary of a gas turbine engine.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the regenerative braking system comprises a mechanical-to-electrical conversion device, at least one of which is a synchronous or asynchronous alternator, a generator, a permanent magnet machine, a direct current (“DC”) generator, a switched reluctance machine and a traction motor, and a DC bus and further comprising:
when the vehicle brakes, engaging the mechanical-to-electrical conversion device to generate the electrical energy; and
storing the thermal energy in a heat storage element in thermal communication with the pressurized working fluid.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transferring step is performed between a cold side of a recuperator and a combustor.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transferring step is performed in a combustor.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transferring step is performed between a combustor and a high pressure turbine.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transferring step is performed between a high pressure turbine and a low pressure turbine.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transferring step is performed between a low pressure turbine and a free power turbine.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transferring step is performed upstream of a hot side of a recuperator.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein the heat storage element has the following characteristics:
a density of at least about 1,800 kg/m 3 ;
a heat capacity of at least about 400 J/kg-K; and
a melting temperature in excess of a maximum temperature in the combustor.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the heat storage element is at least one of graphite, boron nitride, boron carbide, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, tungsten carbide, alumina, a Kanthal alloy, and an Inconel alloy.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein, during an extended period of regenerative braking, a first portion of the pressurized working fluid is passed through a cold side of a recuperator and a second portion of the pressurized working fluid bypasses the recuperator.
12. A method, comprising:
receiving electrical energy from a regenerative braking system;
converting at least a portion of the received electrical energy into thermal energy;
transferring, directly and/or indirectly, the thermal energy to a pressurized working fluid to form a heated pressurized working fluid, wherein said transferring is performed between a cold side of a recuperator and a combustor; and
introducing the heated pressurized working fluid into at least one turbine to propel a vehicle.
13. A method, comprising:
receiving electrical energy from a regenerative braking system;
converting at least a portion of the received electrical energy into thermal energy;
transferring, directly and/or indirectly, the thermal energy to a pressurized working fluid to form a heated pressurized working fluid;
introducing the heated pressurized working fluid into at least one turbine to propel a vehicle;
wherein the regenerative braking system comprises a mechanical-to-electrical conversion device, which is at least one of a synchronous or asynchronous alternator, a generator, a permanent magnet machine, a direct current (“DC”) generator, a switched reluctance machine, and a traction motor, and a DC bus and further comprising:
when the vehicle brakes, engaging the mechanical-to-electrical conversion device to generate the electrical energy, and
storing the thermal energy in a heat storage element in thermal communication with the pressurized working fluid; and
wherein the heat storage element has the following characteristics:
a density of at least about 1,800 kg/m 3 ,
a heat capacity of at least about 400 J/kg-K, and
a melting temperature in excess of a maximum temperature in the combustor.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the heat storage element is at least one of graphite, boron nitride, boron carbide, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, tungsten carbide, alumina, a Kanthal alloy, and an Inconel alloy.
15. A method, comprising:
receiving electrical energy from a regenerative braking system;
converting at least a portion of the received electrical energy into thermal energy;
transferring, directly and/or indirectly, the thermal energy to a pressurized working fluid to form a heated pressurized working fluid;
introducing the heated pressurized working fluid into at least one turbine to propel a vehicle; and
wherein, during an extended period of regenerative braking, a first portion of the pressurized working fluid is passed through a cold side of a recuperator and a second portion of the pressurized working fluid bypasses the recuperator.