Serial connected fuel cell stack module assembly
A large, scalable SOFC system based on modules, which may be connected in series on the cathode gas side. The fuel cell stacks are aligned side by side and assembled into a stack module with cathode inlets on one face of the module and the cathode outlets on the other face of the module. The stack modules are serially connected in a simple manner by placing the stack modules one after the other, so that the outlet face of the first module faces the inlet face of the second module and so on. In the chamber between two stack modules, the air is cooled for example by addition of cold quench air or by a heat exchanger. This offers compactness, simple stack/system interface and improved system performance. The modules are designed for manufacturability, well-balanced heat management and high fuel utilization.
1. A process of running a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell stack assembly, said assembly comprising a plurality of fuel cells arranged in a plurality of cathode gas serially connected stack modules comprising at least one stack in each module, where cathode gas exhaust from a first primary stack module is carried to the cathode gas inlet of the next serially connected stack module, wherein the stack modules have a first cathode gas inlet side manifold common to all of the stack modules and a second cathode gas outlet side manifold common to all of the stack modules, and wherein the cathode gas is serially connected from the first stack module to the next stack module of the serial connection through a common side manifold, and wherein the outlet side of said first primary stack module is connected directly to the inlet side of the next stack module in the serial connection, and wherein the connection between two serially connected stacks further comprises a cooling media inlet or a heat exchanger, the process comprising the steps of:
providing the plurality of cathode gas serially connected stack modules comprising one primary stack module and secondary stack modules;
supplying anode gas to the first primary stack module but to none or to only some of the secondary stack modules of the assembly, through a separate anode gas inlet corresponding to each of the primary stack module and only some of the secondary stack modules to allow at least some of the secondary stack modules to be in a part load or stand-by mode or operation while cathode gas is kept flowing through said primary stack modules and through all secondary stack modules, to provide a partial load running of the assembly and to allow the secondary stack modules that are in part load or stand-by mode or operation to be heated to a desired operation temperature, so that to allow the secondary stack modules that are in part load or stand-by mode or operation to be ready to shift from the part load or stand-by mode or operation to operation mode;
providing the cathode gas inlet of the first primary stack module in the series with preheated cathode gas; and
providing the cathode gas inlet of the secondary stack modules in the series with exhaust cathode gas from the cathode gas outlet of the preceding stack module, wherein anode gas is led to the first primary stack module and said anode gas is carried to at least one of the secondary stack modules in the assembly.
2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the assembly comprises two stack modules.
3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the assembly comprises four stack modules.