Miniaturized microparticles

1. An encoded microparticle comprising:

a plurality of segments, wherein the plurality of segments form a spatial code;

a contrast coating on at least one segment of the plurality of segments, wherein the contrast coating further encodes the microparticle;

an outer surface, wherein the outer surface encloses the spatial code and contrast coating, and wherein the spatial code and contrast coating are detectable through the outer surface.

2. The microparticle of claim 1 , wherein the microparticle has a longest dimension less than 160 microns.

3. The microparticle of claim 1 , wherein the microparticle has a longest dimension less than 70 microns.

4. The microparticle of claim 1 , wherein the microparticle is a twin particle, and wherein the plurality of segments comprises:

a first set of at least two segments aligned upon a first axis; and

a second set of at least two segments aligned upon a second axis, wherein the first axis is parallel to the second axis.

5. The microparticle of claim 1 , wherein a coding scheme of the spatial code is a Morse code coding scheme.

6. The microparticle of claim 1 , wherein the outer surface further comprises a tab, and wherein the tab allows for visual differentiation between the microparticle and a second microparticle without a tab.

7. The microparticle of claim 1 , wherein a cross section of the microparticle is substantially rectangular.

8. The microparticle of claim 1 :

wherein the microparticle is a member of a plurality of microparticles that is substantially disposed in a monolayer; and

wherein the microparticles are disposed in a liquid and the microparticles undergo substantial Brownian motion and have biochemical molecules attached to the surface.

9. An encoded microparticle comprising:

a plurality of segments, wherein the plurality of segments form a spatial code and wherein the plurality of segments comprises:

a first set of at least two segments aligned upon a first axis; and

a second set of at least two segments aligned upon a second axis, wherein

the first axis is parallel to the second axis; and

an outer surface, wherein the outer surface encloses the spatial code, and wherein the spatial code is detectable through the outer surface.

10. The encoded microparticle of claim 9 , wherein the microparticle has a longest dimension less than 160 microns.

11. The encoded microparticle of claim 9 , wherein the microparticle has a longest dimension less than 70 microns.

12. The encoded microparticle of claim 9 , further comprising:

contrast coating on at least one segment of the plurality of segments, wherein the contrast coating further encodes the microparticle.

13. The encoded microparticle of claim 9 , wherein a coding scheme of the spatial code is a Morse code coding scheme.

14. The encoded microparticle of claim 9 , wherein the outer surface further comprises a tab, and wherein the tab allows for visual differentiation between the twin particle and a second twin particle without a tab.

15. The microparticle of claim 9 , wherein a cross section of the microparticle is substantially rectangular.

16. The microparticle of claim 9 , further comprising:

a plurality of fluorescent molecules on or in a surface of the microparticle, wherein the plurality of fluorescent molecules are located on or in a region located between the first and second set of at least two segments.

17. An encoded microparticle comprising:

a plurality of segments, wherein the plurality of segments form a spatial code, wherein a coding scheme of the spatial code is a Morse code coding scheme; and

an outer surface, wherein the outer surface encloses the spatial code, and wherein the spatial code is detectable through the outer surface.

18. The encoded microparticle of claim 17 , wherein the microparticle has a longest dimension less than 160 microns.

19. The encoded microparticle of claim 17 , further comprising:

contrast coating on at least one segment of the plurality of segments, wherein the contrast coating further encodes the microparticle.

20. The microparticle of claim 17 , wherein the microparticle is a twin particle, and wherein the plurality of segments comprises:

a first set of at least two segments aligned upon a first axis; and

a second set of at least two segments aligned upon a second axis, wherein the first axis is parallel to the second axis.

21. The encoded microparticle of claim 17 , wherein the outer surface further comprises a tab, and wherein the tab allows for visual differentiation between the twin particle and a second twin particle without a tab.

22. The microparticle of claim 17 , wherein a cross section of the microparticle is substantially rectangular.