PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF CHAIN-EXTENDING CONCENTRATES FOR POLYESTER FOAMING PROCESS
The composition and the preparation of a chain-extending concentrate for production of foamed cellular materials of aromatic polyesters is disclosed in this invention. The chain-extending concentrate includes an ethylene-acrylate copolymer, a high-temperature thermoplastic and a multifunctional compound. The preparation process includes two steps: 1) Mixing and melt blending the multifunctional compound and the HT thermoplastic resin into the matrix of the ethylene-acrylate copolymer in an internal mixer and 2) extrusion of the mixture at a temperature below the melting point or reaction temperature of the multifunctional compound.
1 . A concentrate (masterbatch) useful as chain-extending/branching agent comprising an ethylene-acrylate copolymer, a high-temperature (HT) thermoplastic resin and a multifunctional compound selected from of one or more chain-extending/branching ingredients having either a melting point or a reaction temperature higher than 140° C.
2 . The concentrate according to claim 1 , wherein the multifunctional compound is preferably selected from a group consisting of tetracarboxylic dianhydride, polyepoxides, oxazolines, oxazines, acyllactams and antioxidant containing sterically hindered phenolic end groups or mixtures thereof.
3 . The concentrate according to claim 1 comprising 10 to 85 weight percent, preferably 30 to 60 weight percent of the ethylene-acrylate copolymer which is selected from ethylene butyl acrylate (EBA), ethylene ethyl acrylate (EEA) and ethylene methyl acrylate (EMA) copolymer.
4 . The concentrate according to claim 3 , wherein the ethylene-acrylate copolymer preferably contains 3 to 50 percent of acrylate content by weight of the ethylene-acrylate copolymer and has a melt-flow index from 0.1 to 50 g/10 min. at 190° C./2.16 kg.
5 . The concentrate according to claim 1 comprising 10 to 85 weight percent, preferably 30 to 60 weight percent of the high-temperature (HT) thermoplastic which is selected from one of thermoplastic resins or mixtures thereof having 1) a melting point not lower than 200° C. for crystalline polymer or 2) a glass transition temperature not lower than 140° C. for amorphous polymers. In addition, the HT thermoplastics need to be completely molten up to 300° C.
6 . The concentrate according to claim 5 , wherein the preferred high-temperature thermoplastics are aromatic polyesters, particularly preferably PET, PBT or PEN having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.4 to 1.4 dl/g.
7 . The concentrate according to claim 1 comprising 2 to 30 percent, preferably 10 to 15 percent of the multifunctional compound by weight of the concentrate.
8 . The concentrate according to claim 7 comprising the multifunctional compound very preferably selected from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride with 2 or more acid anhydride groups per molecule, most preferably from a pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), in amount of 2 to 30 percent, preferably from 5 to 15 percent by weight of the concentrate.
9 . The concentrate according to claim 8 further comprising 0.1 to 10 weight percent, preferably 0.5 to 5 weight percent of a sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant.
10 . The concentrate according to claim 9 further comprising 0.1 to 10 weight percent, preferably 0.5 to 5 weight percent of an oxazoline.
11 . The concentrate according to claim 9 , wherein the sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant is calcium bis(monoethyl(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxylbenzyl)phosphonate) (Irgamod 195) or 4-((3,5-bis((4-hydroxy-3,5-ditert-butyl-phenyl)methyl)-2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)methyl)-2,6-ditert-butyl-phenol (Irganox 1330, Ethanox 330 or Alvinox 100).
12 . The concentrate according to claim 10 , wherein the oxazoline is a monooxazoline or bisoxazoline or trioxazoline or a mixture thereof. The particularly preferred bisoxazoline is selected from
a. 1,3-phenyl bisoxazoline (1,3 PBO) and
b. 1,4-phenyl bisoxazoline (1,4 PBO).
13 . The concentrate according to claim 1 , wherein the multifunctional compound is a polyepoxide having at least two epoxy groups per molecule, preferably selected from diglycidyl ethers of biphenol A type.
14 . The concentrate according to claim 1 further comprising a thermal and/or process stabilizer selected from a secondary (preventive) antioxidant or a mixture of the secondary antioxidant and sterically hindered phenols in amount of 0.1 to 5.0 percent by weight of the concentrate.
15 . A process for the preparation of the concentrate according to claim 1 , wherein the HT thermoplastic resin and the multifunctional compound all in form of powder are blended and homogeneously mixed into the matrix of the ethylene-acrylate copolymer at temperatures at least 20° C., preferably at least 60° C. below the melting point or the reaction temperature of the multifunctional compound and by using an internal mixer such as a Banbury mixer, an extruder or any similar polymer processing equipment.
16 . The process for the preparation of the concentrate according to claim 15 , wherein the mixture from the internal mixer is continuously fed into an extruder, preferably a single-screw extruder, and extruded at temperatures at least 20° C., preferably at least 60° C. below the melting point or the reaction temperature of the multifunctional compound.
17 . A process for the preparation of the concentrate according to claim 1 comprising melt blending the mixture of the multifunctional compound and the HT thermoplastic into the melt of the ethylene-acrylate copolymer by using an extruder, preferably a twin-screw extruder at temperatures at least 20° C., preferably at least 60° C. below the melting point or the reaction temperature of the multifunctional compound.
18 . The process for the preparation of the concentrate according to claim 15 , wherein the concentrate composition is processed preferably at temperatures between 120° C. and 175° C.
19 . A foaming process for production of a foamed cellular material of aromatic polyesters, wherein the polyester resins selected from a group consisting of virgin, recycled resin or a mixture thereof having an intrinsic viscosity from 0.4 to 1.4 dl/g are foamed with help of the concentrate of claim 1 in amount from 1 to 20 percent, preferably from 1 to 10 percent by weight of the mixture.
20 . A foamed cellular material obtainable according to claim 19 .
21 . Articles containing the foamed material of claim 20 .