Sauna heating element with high emissivity coating
A high emissivity coating applied to a sauna heating element and a method for fabricating a sauna heating element with a high emissivity coating is described. In one illustrative embodiment, a sauna heating element comprises a substrate, and a film coating applied to the substrate, the film coating applied as a first liquid layer and a second powder layer. In another illustrative embodiment, a process is provided for fabricating a sauna heating element with a high emissivity coating.
1. A sauna heating element including a high-emissivity coating, the sauna heating element comprising:
a heating component that increases in temperature when voltage is applied across the heating component;
a substrate in operable contact with the heating component, such that when the heating component increases in temperature, it warms the substrate to a first temperature; and
a film coating in contact with the substrate, the film coating comprising:
a liquid layer that is in contact with the substrate and has a dry film thickness of about 1.0 mil to about 5.0 mils, the liquid layer comprising:
a polyamide-imide type coating resin,
a solvent, and
a first black ceramic pigment having an average primary particle size of 0.1 micrometer to 10 micrometers, wherein the ratio of the polyamide-imide type coating resin to the first black ceramic pigment is about 1.0:0.5 to about 1.0:3.0, and
a powder layer that is in contact with the liquid layer, the powder layer comprising a second black ceramic pigment having a uniform surface area density of about 5 grams of the second black ceramic pigment per square foot of the film coating to about 15 grams of the second black ceramic pigment per square foot of the film coating.
2. The sauna heating element of claim 1 , wherein the liquid layer and the powder layer are cured to form the film coating at a temperature between about 150 degrees Celsius and about 220 degrees Celsius.
3. The sauna heating element of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone.
4. The sauna heating element of claim 1 , wherein the first black ceramic pigment and the second black ceramic pigment comprise copper chromite black spinel.
5. The sauna heating element of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises N-methylpyrrolidone.
6. A method of making a sauna heating element having a high-emissivity coating, the method comprising:
providing a substrate for an application of a film coating, wherein the substrate is in operable contact with a heating component such that the heating component warms the substrate to a first temperature when voltage is applied across the heating component;
applying a liquid layer to the substrate, the liquid layer comprising a polyamide-imide type coating resin, a solvent, and a first black ceramic pigment, wherein the first black ceramic pigment has an average primary particle size between 0.1 micrometer and 10 micrometers, and wherein the liquid layer has a dry film thickness that is greater than about 1.0 mils and less than about 5.0 mils;
applying a powder layer to the liquid layer, the powder layer comprising a second black ceramic pigment, wherein the powder layer has a uniform surface area density of about 5 grams of the second black ceramic pigment per square foot of the liquid layer applied to the substrate to about 15 grams of the second black ceramic pigment per square foot of the liquid layer applied to the substrate; and
after applying the liquid layer and the powder layer, curing the liquid layer and the powder layer to form the film coating over the substrate at a temperature between about 150 degrees Celsius and about 220 degrees Celsius.
7. The sauna heating element made by the process of claim 6 , wherein curing the film coating further comprises curing the film coating at a temperature of about 160 degrees Celsius.
8. The sauna heating element made by the process of claim 6 , wherein the application of the liquid layer is selected from the group consisting of brushing, spraying, rolling, printing, and applying with a doctor blade the liquid layer over the substrate.
9. The sauna heating element made by the process of claim 6 , wherein applying the powder layer further comprises sifting the powder layer evenly over the liquid layer.
10. The sauna heating element made by the process of claim 6 , wherein applying the powder layer further comprises spraying the powder layer evenly over the liquid layer.
11. The sauna heating element made by the process of claim 6 , wherein the liquid layer of the film coating further comprises a ratio of solids of the polyamide-imide type coating resin to the first black ceramic pigment of about 0.35:1.00 and the solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone.
12. The sauna heating element made by the process of claim 6 , wherein the dry film thickness of the liquid layer is more than about 1.0 mils and less than about 1.5 mils.
13. A process of fabricating a sauna heating element, the process comprising:
providing a substrate for an application of a film coating, wherein the substrate is in operable contact with a heating component such that the heating component warms the substrate to a first temperature when voltage is applied across the heating component;
applying a liquid layer to the substrate, the liquid layer comprising a polyamide-imide type coating resin, a solvent, and a first black ceramic pigment, wherein the first black ceramic pigment has an average primary particle size of 0.3 micrometer, and wherein the liquid layer has a dry film thickness that is greater than about 1.0 mils and less than about 5.0 mils;
applying a powder layer to the liquid layer, the powder layer comprising a second black ceramic pigment, wherein the powder layer has a uniform surface area density of about 5 grams of the second black ceramic pigment per square foot of the liquid layer applied to the substrate to about 15 grams of the second black ceramic pigment per square foot of the liquid layer applied to the substrate;
after applying the liquid layer and the powder layer, curing the liquid layer and the powder layer to form the film coating over the substrate at a temperature between about 150 degrees Celsius and about 220 degrees Celsius, wherein the thickness of the cured film coating is more than about 1.0 mils and less than or equal to about 1.5 mils.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein curing the film coating further comprises curing the film coating at a temperature of about 160 degrees Celsius.
15. The process of claim 13 , wherein applying the liquid layer further comprises brushing the liquid layer over the substrate.
16. The process of claim 13 , wherein applying the liquid layer further comprises spraying the liquid layer over the substrate.
17. The process of claim 13 , wherein applying the powder layer further comprises sifting the powder layer evenly over the liquid layer.
18. The process of claim 13 , wherein applying the powder layer further comprises spraying the powder layer evenly over the liquid layer.
19. The process of claim 13 , wherein the liquid layer of the film coating further comprises a ratio of solids of the polyamide-imide type coating resin to the first black ceramic pigment of about 0.35:1.00 and the solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone.
20. The process of claim 15 , wherein the applying the powder layer further comprises applying the powder layer such that the power layer has a uniform surface area density of about 5 grams of the second black ceramic pigment per square foot of the liquid layer applied to the substrate to about 10 grams of the second black ceramic pigment per square foot of the liquid layer applied to the substrate.
21. The process of claim 15 , wherein the coating curing further comprises curing the liquid layer and the powder layer at about 160 degrees Celsius.