Methods and compositions for determination of fracture geometry in subterranean formations
View Patent ↗Disclosed herein is a method comprising disposing in a formation fracture, a proppant and/or a fracturing fluid that comprises a radiation susceptible material that comprises indium and/or vanadium; irradiating the radiation susceptible material with neutrons; measuring gamma-radiation emitted from the radiation susceptible material in a single pass; wherein the single pass does not involve measuring of background radiation from previous or subsequent logging passes; and determining formation fracture height from the measured gamma-radiation.
1. A proppant, comprising:
a substrate; and
a coating disposed upon the substrate, wherein the coating comprises a radiation susceptible material comprising vanadium carbon nitride powder, and wherein the radiation susceptible material is non-radioactive until bombarded by neutrons.
2. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises an organic coating, an inorganic coating, or a combination thereof.
3. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein, after being irradiated, the radiation susceptible material has a half-life of about 10 seconds to about 50 minutes.
4. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the proppant comprises 0.01 wt % to about 35 wt % weight percent radiation susceptible material.
5. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises an organic particle having a filler dispersed therein.
6. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the radiation susceptible material selected from the group consisting of vanadium metal, a ferrovanadium alloy, an aluminum vanadium alloy, further comprises a material and combinations thereof.
7. The proppant of claim 1 wherein the vanadium carbon nitride powder has a particle size of about 1-15 microns and wherein the amount of vanadium carbon nitride powder comprises 0.01 to 5 wt % as vanadium metal, based on the total weight of the proppant.
8. The proppant of claim 2 , wherein the coating comprises a polymerized epoxy, a polyacrylate, a polymethacrylate, a polymerized phenol-formaldehyde, a polymerized epoxy-modified novolac, a polymerized furan, a polymerized urea-aldehyde, a polymerized melamine-aldehyde, a polyester, a polyalkyd, a polymerized phenol formaldehyde novolac, a polymerized phenol formaldehyde resole, a polymerized phenol-aldehyde, a polymerized resole, a polymerized novolac, a polymerized epoxy modified phenolic, a polymerized urethane resin, polysiloxanes, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
9. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the radiation susceptible material further comprises a vanadium material selected from the group consisting of vanadium metal, a vanadium alloy, a vanadium salt, a vanadium composite, a vanadium suspension, and combinations thereof.
10. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the radiation susceptible material further comprises a vanadium material selected from the group consisting of vanadyl sulfate, vanadyl sodium, vanadyl potassium orthovanadate, sodium metavanadate, potassium metavanadate, chloride salts of vanadium, vanadium trioxide, vanadium pentoxide, and combinations thereof.
11. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the proppant comprises about 0.01 to 5 wt % of vanadium carbon nitride powder.
12. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the radiation susceptible material further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of iridium 191, iridium 193, cadmium 113, dysprosium, europium, lutetium, manganese, gold, holmium, rhenium, samarium, tungsten, and combinations thereof.
13. A fracturing fluid comprising the proppant of claim 1 .
14. A fracturing fluid, comprising:
a first radiation susceptible material, wherein the first radiation susceptible material is non-radioactive until bombarded by neutrons, and a proppant comprising a substrate and a coating disposed upon the substrate, wherein the coating comprises a second radiation susceptible material, wherein the second radiation susceptible material comprises vanadium carbon nitride powder.
15. The fracturing fluid of claim 14 , wherein the first radiation susceptible material is in the form selected from the group consisting of suspended colloidal particles, dissolved material in the fracturing fluid, and combinations thereof.
16. The fracturing fluid of claim 14 , wherein the first radiation susceptible material comprises from about 0.01 wt % to about 35 wt %, based on the total weight of the fracturing fluid.
17. The fracturing fluid of claim 14 , further comprising a proppant comprising a non-radiation susceptible material.
18. The fracturing fluid of claim 14 , wherein the first radiation susceptible material and the second radiation susceptible material comprise the same cations or comprise different cations.