METHODS FOR THE DETECTION AND QUANTITATION OF PTEN
The present disclosure provides methods for determining if PTEN is elevated or reduced in one or more tumor cells relative to one or more normal cells in the same biological sample by obtaining a biological sample comprising one or more tumor cells and one or more normal cells; assaying the biological sample for expression of PTEN; quantitating an amount of PTEN expression in the one or more tumor cells and an amount of PTEN expression in the one or more normal cells; comparing the amount of PTEN expression in the tumor cells to the amount of PTEN expression in the normal cells; and determining that PTEN is elevated in the tumor cells where the amount of expression of PTEN is greater in the tumor cells as compared to the normal cells or determining that PTEN is reduced in the tumor cells where the amount of expression of PTEN is less in the tumor cells than in the normal cells. Such methods may be used to predict whether a patient will be responsive to treatment with one or more receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and/or may be used to select subjects for inclusion/exclusion in a clinical trial.
1 . A method for determining if PTEN expression is elevated or reduced in one or more tumor cells relative to one or more normal cells in a biological sample, said method comprising:
(a) obtaining the biological sample comprising one or more tumor cells and one or more normal cells;
(b) assaying the biological sample for expression of PTEN;
(c) quantitating an amount of PTEN expression in the one or more tumor cells and an amount of PTEN expression in the one or more normal cells;
(d) comparing the amount of PTEN expression in the tumor cells to the amount of PTEN expression in the normal cells; and
(e) determining that PTEN is elevated in the tumor cells where the amount of expression of PTEN is greater in the tumor cells as compared to the normal cells or determining that PTEN is reduced in the tumor cells where the amount of expression of PTEN is less in the tumor cells than in the normal cells.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the normal cells are stromal cells.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the PTEN is mutated.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein biological sample is a tumor biopsy.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is an aspirate.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the normal and tumor cells are assayed using a detectably labeled antibody or binding fragment thereof specific for PTEN.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
8 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the label is a chromagen or fluorophore.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of assaying for expression of PTEN is performed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or western blot.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the step of quantitating PTEN expression in the normal cells and the tumor cells is preformed by image analysis.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of quantitating PTEN expression in the normal cells and the tumor cells is preformed in a defined cellular area.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the defined cellular area is the nucleus.
13 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the defined cellular area is the cytoplasm.
14 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the defined cellular area is the membrane.
15 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the amount of PTEN expression for the normal cells and the amount of expression for the tumor cells is quantitated from an average optical density (OD) of PTEN per pixel of the defined cellular area.
16 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the amount of PTEN expression for the normal cells and the amount of expression for the tumor cells is quantitated from an average OD determined for the tumor cells and the normal cells on a per cell basis in the defined cellular area.
17 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the average OD on a per cell basis is obtained by dividing the average OD for the defined cellular area by a number of nuclei in the defined cellular area.
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein PTEN comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1.
19 . A method for determining if PTEN expression levels are elevated or reduced in one or more tumor cells in a biological sample, said method comprising:
a. obtaining a biological sample comprising one or more tumor cells and one or more stromal cells;
b. assaying the biological sample for expression of PTEN by using a detectably labeled binding molecule specific for PTEN;
c. quantitating an amount of PTEN expression in the one or more tumor cells and an amount of PTEN expression in the one or more stromal cells by determining an optical density (OD) reading for PTEN expression in the tumor cells and an OD reading for PTEN expression in the normal cells, wherein the OD reading for the tumor cells and stromal cells is quantitated from an average OD reading determined for the tumor cells and the normal cells on a per cell basis in a defined cellular area and wherein the average OD reading on a per cell basis is obtained by dividing the average OD reading for the defined cellular area by a number of nuclei in the defined cellular area;
d. comparing the PTEN OD reading in the tumor cells to the PTEN OD reading in the stromal cells; and
e. determining that PTEN is elevated in the tumor cells where the PTEN OD reading is greater in the tumor cells as compared to the stromal cells or determining that PTEN is reduced in the tumor cells where the PTEN OD reading is less in the tumor cells than in the stromal cells.
20 . A method for predicting responsiveness of a subject with a disease or disorder to a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, said method comprising:
a. obtaining the biological sample comprising one or more tumor cells and one or more normal cells from the subject;
b. assaying the biological sample for expression of PTEN;
c. quantitating an amount of PTEN expression in the one or more tumor cells and an amount of PTEN expression in the one or more normal cells;
d. comparing the amount of PTEN expression in the tumor cells to the amount of PTEN expression in the normal cells;
e. determining that PTEN is elevated in the tumor cells where the amount of expression of PTEN is greater in the tumor cells as compared to the normal cells or determining that PTEN is reduced in the tumor cells where the amount of expression of PTEN is less in the tumor cells than in the normal cells; and
f. predicting that the subject is responsive to a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor where expression of PTEN in the tumor cells is less than expression of PTEN in the normal cells or determining that the subject is not responsive to a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor where expression of PTEN in the tumor cells is the same or greater than expression of PTEN in the normal cells.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the normal cells are stromal cells.
22 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the PTEN is mutated.
23 . The method of claim 20 , wherein biological sample is a tumor biopsy.
24 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the biological sample is an aspirate.
25 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the normal and tumor cells are assayed using a detectably labeled antibody or binding fragment thereof specific for PTEN.
26 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
27 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the label is a chromagen or fluorophore.
28 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the step of assaying is performed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or western blot.
29 . The method of claim 28 , wherein the step of quantitating PTEN expression in the normal cells and the tumor cells is preformed by image analysis.
30 . The method of claim 29 , wherein the step of quantitating PTEN expression in the normal cells and the tumor cells is preformed in a defined cellular area.
31 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the defined cellular area is the nucleus.
32 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the defined cellular area is the cytoplasm.
33 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the defined cellular area is the membrane.
34 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the amount of PTEN expression for the normal cells and the tumor cells is quantitated from an average optical density (OD) of PTEN per pixel of the defined cellular area.
35 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the amount of PTEN expression for the normal cells and the tumor cells is quantitated from an average OD determined for the tumor cells and the normal cells on a per cell basis in the defined cellular area.
36 . The method of claim 35 , wherein the average OD on a per cell basis is obtained by dividing the average OD for the defined cellular area by a number of nuclei in the defined cellular area.
37 . The method of claim 20 , wherein PTEN comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1.
38 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor is an antibody.
39 . The method of claim 38 , wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
40 . The method of claim 39 , wherein the monoclonal antibody is cetuximab (Erbitux), panitumumab, zalutumumab, nimotuzumab or matuzumab.
41 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor is a small molecule inhibitor.
42 . The method of claim 41 , wherein the small molecule inhibitor is gefitinib, erlotinib or lapatinib.
43 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the disease or disorder is cancer.
44 . The method of claim 43 , wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, cancer of the nervous system, kidney cancer, retina cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer, renal cancel, pancreatic cancer, genital-urinary cancer and bladder cancer.
45 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the subject is a cancer patient.
46 . A method for treating a subject with a disease or disorder with a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, the method comprising:
a. obtaining the biological sample comprising one or more tumor cells and one or more normal cells from the subject;
b. assaying the biological sample for expression of PTEN;
c. quantitating an amount of PTEN expression in the one or more tumor cells and an amount of PTEN expression in the one or more normal cells;
d. comparing the amount of PTEN expression in the tumor cells to the amount of PTEN expression in the normal cells;
e. determining that PTEN is elevated in the tumor cells where the amount of expression of PTEN is greater in the tumor cells as compared to the normal cells or determining that PTEN is reduced in the tumor cells where the amount of expression of PTEN is less in the tumor cells than in the normal cells; and
f. administering the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor to the subject.
47 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the normal cells are stromal cells.
48 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the PTEN is mutated.
49 . The method of claim 46 , wherein biological sample is a tumor biopsy.
50 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the biological sample is an aspirate.
51 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the normal and tumor cells are assayed using a detectably labeled antibody or binding fragment thereof specific for PTEN.
52 . The method of claim 51 , wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
53 . The method of claim 51 , wherein the label is a chromagen or fluorophore.
54 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the step of assaying is performed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or western blot.
55 . The method of claim 54 , wherein the step of quantitating PTEN expression in the normal cells and the tumor cells is preformed by image analysis.
56 . The method of claim 55 , wherein the step of quantitating PTEN expression in the normal cells and the tumor cells is preformed in a defined cellular area.
57 . The method of claim 56 , wherein the defined cellular area is the nucleus.
58 . The method of claim 56 , wherein the defined cellular area is the cytoplasm.
59 . The method of claim 56 , wherein the defined cellular area is the membrane.
60 . The method of claim 56 , wherein the amount of PTEN expression for the normal cells and the tumor cells is quantitated from an average optical density (OD) of PTEN per pixel of the defined cellular area.
61 . The method of claim 56 , wherein the amount of PTEN expression for the normal cells and the tumor cells is quantitated from an average OD determined for the tumor cells and the normal cells on a per cell basis in the defined cellular area.
62 . The method of claim 61 , wherein the average OD on a per cell basis is obtained by dividing the average OD for the defined cellular area by a number of nuclei in the defined cellular area.
63 . The method of claim 46 , wherein PTEN comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1.
64 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor is an antibody.
65 . The method of claim 64 , wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
66 . The method of claim 65 , wherein the monoclonal antibody is cetuximab (Erbitux), panitumumab, zalutumumab, nimotuzumab or matuzumab.
67 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor is a small molecule inhibitor.
68 . The method of claim 67 , wherein the small molecule inhibitor is gefitinib, erlotinib or lapatinib.
69 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the disease or disorder is cancer.
70 . The method of claim 69 , wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, cancer of the nervous system, kidney cancer, retina cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, genital-urinary cancer and bladder cancer.
71 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the subject is a cancer patient.
72 . A method for selecting subjects for inclusion/exclusion in a clinical trial, said method comprising:
a. obtaining a biological sample from each subject comprising one or more tumor cells and one or more stromal cells;
b. assaying the biological sample obtained from each subject for expression of PTEN by using a detectably labeled binding molecule specific for PTEN;
c. quantitating an amount of PTEN expression in the one or more tumor cells and an amount of PTEN expression in the one or more stromal cells;
d. comparing the amount of PTEN expression in the tumor cells to the amount of PTEN expression in the stromal cells;
e. determining that PTEN expression levels are elevated in the tumor cells where the amount of PTEN expression is greater in the tumor cells as compared to the stromal cells or determining that PTEN expression is reduced in the tumor cells where the amount of PTEN expression is less in the tumor cells than in the stromal cells; and
f. selecting subjects for inclusion/exclusion in the clinical trial that have an amount of PTEN expression that is greater in the tumor cells as compared to the stromal cells or selecting subjects for inclusion/exclusion in the clinical trial that have an amount of PTEN expression that is less in the tumor cells as compared to the stromal cells.
73 . The method of claim 72 , wherein the clinical trial is a phase I, phase II, phase III or phase IV clinical trial.
74 . The method of claim 72 , wherein subjects are selected for inclusion in the clinical trial that have an amount of PTEN expression that is greater in the tumor cells as compared to the stromal cells.
75 . The method of claim 72 , wherein subjects are selected for exclusion from the clinical trial that have an amount of PTEN expression that is greater in the tumor cells as compared to the stromal cells.
76 . The method of claim 72 , wherein subjects are selected for inclusion in the clinical trial that have an amount of PTEN expression that is equal to or less than in the tumor cells as compared to the stromal cells.
77 . The method of claim 72 , wherein subjects are selected for exclusion from the clinical trial that have an amount of PTEN expression that is equal to or less than in the tumor cells as compared to the stromal cells.